Epidemology Survey For Sctristosomiasis Among Pupils
(Case study of Amagunze Community In Nkanu Local Government Area In Enugu)
Conducting an epidemiological survey for schistosomiasis among pupils entails a comprehensive examination of prevalence, transmission dynamics, and risk factors within the targeted population. This endeavor necessitates meticulous data collection, encompassing geographical location, demographic characteristics, water contact patterns, and sanitation practices. By employing serological tests and stool examinations, researchers can ascertain the infection rate and identify prevalent species of Schistosoma parasites. Moreover, integrating participatory approaches such as community engagement and health education fosters a more holistic understanding of the disease burden and facilitates the implementation of tailored interventions. Ultimately, the findings of this survey can inform evidence-based strategies for schistosomiasis control and prevention, addressing the intricate interplay between socio-economic determinants and environmental factors in disease transmission dynamics among school-aged children.
The survey of urinary sehistomiass in Ishele in Amagunze, Nkanu East local Government was carried out using two methods of diagnosis i.e combination of questionnaire on clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory microscopy using primary school children in the area as test samples. A total of fifty samples were randomly collected reveals the prevalence of urinary Sdristomisis is 62 %. The risk factor attributed was found to cotain the sried of the type Bulinus (physopsis) globusus and Bulinus fruncatus that are responsible because children play and swum in Afavu River. The sample were collected from pupils within the age of 6-12 years.
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
List of table
List of figure
CHAPTER ONE:
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO:
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE:
Materials and methods
3.1 Areas of study
3.2 Collection of Specimen
3.3 Method Involved
3.4 Experiment
CHAPTER FOUR
Results
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion
CHAPTER SIX
Recommendation and Conclusion
References
Appendixes
INTRODUCTION
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of urinary and intestinal tracts by schistosome. A specie which infect the urinary bladder is caused by schnstosome haematobuim widely found in Africa and was first discovered by bilharza in 1851 in Egyptian mummies and He also carried out an urogential tract autopsy. About 20million people are infected with schnstosome parasite, those who get heavy infection are especially or death. Billaries modify dictimery (1998) defined Schistosomiasis as infection disease of man caused by blood flukes of genus schnstosome. It is one of the most serious parasitic infection of man, affecting millions of people in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia and west Indies.
Schistosomiasis presents a constant threat to as many as 600millons people as they perform daily activities related to water, such like swimming, washing and bathing ( Bayers 1984) this Schistosomiasis affect for different prpolation from as a result of human contact with infected water, they includes (a) occupational (b) recreational (c) domestic (d) socio- cultural (Ukoli 1984) The three main species of schnstosome responsible for human infection are schnistasoma japonicum. Four other species occurring much less commonly are interculum, S matter, S bovis and S meking
The blood flukes in schnstosome is a long narrow known as Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis. schnstosome that livers in the urinary bladder of man is known as schisotosoma haematobium while that in the intestine is . schistosoms mansm, and also schistosnma japonicum,
Ramsay (1934) reported that male and female worms are separated individual but the female is smaller and is carried in a groove on the under surface of the male and lives in the vein of the host. The female lays eggsin the walls of the bladder and intestine causing inflammation and bleeding. The eggs are excreted with body wastes and find their way to water contaminated by several different water snail example bulinus which is the intermediate host of schrostome haematobium. Schistosomiasis is very wide spread and associated with poverty, poor housing and inadequate sanitary facilities and unsanitary human behavior.
schistosoma has been found to be a disease rampart and highly prevalent in the revenuer areas, where man contact with infected water while performing their Agricultural activities. Ishiehy Amagunze using annual the river Afavu having an agricultural base with the people contact with the infected water and swampy soil, there is the tendency of the disease which manifest in the people with symptoms as haematuria tenderness of lower etc. It is prevalence in Armagunze increases as the people gets more into contact with the water bodies this makes water bodies unsafe for Agricultural recreational activities enchangers farm works and use of the water contact relation for the people have increased alarming due to the poor facilities and recreational features. hence, there is need to redetemine the level of Schistosomiasis in Ishelu Amagume, Nkanu local government
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the epidermiology of Schistosomiasis among pupil of Ishielu Amagunze in Nkanu local government.
2 to educate the pupils with respect to the disease on the mode of infection and identify ways of preventing and controlling the disease.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Amagunze has a number of slow moving streams and water bodies with high human contact. The exposed population is primary school pupils who swims, wash food clothes at long hours. It is expected that water intact diseases and schistomiasis will be highly prevalent in the community.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS
H0 prevalence of schristosmiasis is more in primary school children between ages 6-12 years who have highest water contact such as swimming food washing etc.
H1 Schistosomiasis is not present amoge pupils in Amagunze even though they have high water contact events.
1.5 JUSTIFICATION
Since all human activities required water such as drinking., bathing, washing of clothes and agricultural purpose etc. there is need for proper disposal of faces and urine to reduces the rates of infection of Schistosomiasis and pupils coming to the water should be screened before allowing to settle in the area.
LIMITATION
This work is limited to urine analysis and microscopy and limited to Ishielu Amagunze in Nkanu East local government where by primary school chosen by random sampling to represent the entire community. The children used one within water related activities and are the population at risk,
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic infection caused by a group of flatworms called Schistosoma. It is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. While schistosomiasis can affect people of all ages, including children, your question specifically asks about schistosomiasis among pupils, which refers to school-age children.
Schistosomiasis is commonly found in areas with freshwater bodies infested with the intermediate host snails that carry the Schistosoma parasites. When people, including pupils, come into contact with contaminated water while swimming, bathing, or even through activities like washing clothes, they can become infected.
Here are some key points about schistosomiasis among pupils:
- Vulnerability: School-age children are particularly vulnerable to schistosomiasis because they often engage in activities that expose them to contaminated water sources, such as playing in ponds, rivers, or canals. Additionally, they may not have access to proper sanitation facilities or clean water sources.
- Impact on Health: Schistosomiasis can have serious health consequences, including anemia, organ damage (particularly to the liver and bladder), impaired growth, and cognitive development. These health effects can significantly impact a child’s ability to attend school regularly and perform well academically.
- School-Based Interventions: Many countries with a high prevalence of schistosomiasis have implemented school-based deworming programs. These programs aim to provide antiparasitic medication, usually praziquantel, to school-age children in at-risk areas. This helps reduce the prevalence of the disease and its impact on pupils’ health and education.
- Hygiene Education: Education programs in schools often include teaching pupils about the importance of proper hygiene and safe water practices to prevent schistosomiasis and other waterborne diseases. This includes educating them on avoiding contact with contaminated water sources and using latrines or toilets.
- Regular Screening: In endemic areas, it’s important to regularly screen school-age children for schistosomiasis. Early detection and treatment can prevent severe complications and reduce the transmission of the disease.
- Community Involvement: Schistosomiasis control programs often involve the broader community to improve access to clean water and sanitation facilities, as well as to raise awareness about the disease.
In conclusion, schistosomiasis is a significant public health concern among school-age children in endemic regions. Efforts to control the disease often involve a combination of deworming programs, hygiene education, and community involvement to reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis and its impact on pupils’ health and education.