Implication Of Unemployment On The Socio-Economic Development
(A Case Study Of Ivo Local Government Area Of Ebonyi State)
Unemployment exerts profound implications on socio-economic development, permeating various facets of society and the economy. Economically, it curtails productivity and dampens consumer spending, hindering growth and exacerbating poverty. Socially, it fosters feelings of alienation and disenchantment, fueling social unrest and crime rates. Additionally, unemployment strains government resources through increased welfare spending and reduced tax revenue, further hampering efforts to address societal needs. Moreover, it undermines human capital development, leading to skill atrophy and diminished innovation potential. Consequently, effective strategies to mitigate unemployment are imperative for fostering inclusive growth and sustainable development, necessitating comprehensive approaches encompassing education, labor market reforms, and targeted employment generation initiatives.
Title Page
Acknowledgement Sample
Dedication Sample
Table Of Content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background Of The Study
Statement Of The Problem
1.3 Objective Of The Study
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Significance Of The Study
1.6 Scope Of Study
1.7 Limitation Of The Study
1.8 Definitions Of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
2.2 An One View Of The Concept Unemployment And Its Implications
2.3 Types/Classification Of Unemployment
2.4 Causes Of Unemployment
2.5 Consequences Of Unemployment
2.6 Tackling Unemployment Challenges
2.7 Factors That Influence The Level Of Employment
2.8 Natural Rate Of Unemployment From Wikipedia
2.9 When There Is High Unemployment
2.10 Macro Economic Implication Of Unemployment
2.11 Nigeria Unemployment Rate
References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Sources/Methods Of Data Collection
3.4 Population And Sample Size
3.5 Sample Technique
3.6 Method Of Data Analysis
Research Questions
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation Of Data
4.3 Analysis Of Data
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary Of Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Unemployment which is now the talk of the day has a lot of implications on the Nigeria social and economic development. Mostly as it relates to Ivo local government which is one among the thirteen local government in Ebonyi state. Ivo local government falls under Ebonyi state south central zone with town like: Akaeze, Ada, Ishiagu, Home town of the federal college of agriculture ishiagu etc.
According to the central bank of Nigeria (2003) the National rate of Unemployment rose from 4.3% in 1970 to 6.4% I 1980. The high rate of Unemployment observed in 1980 was attributed largely to depression in the Nigeria economy during the late 1970’s specifically, the economic down town led to the implementation of stabilization measures which included restriction on export, which caused import dependency of most Nigeria Manufacturing enterprises, which in turn resulted in operation of many comprises below their installed capacity. This development led to the close down of many industries why the survived few were forced to retrench a large proportion of their work force.
Furthermore the Nigeria Government also placed an embargo on employment, it is important to state here that the structural adjustment programmed (SAP) adopted in 1986, had serious implication on employment in Nigeria as the rate of Unemployment declined from 2.1% in 1982 to as low as 1.8% in 1995 after which it rose to 3.4% in 1996 and lowered between 3.4 and 4.7% between 1996 and 2006.
According to a survey of 1974 reported by Aigbokham (2000). Graduate Unemployment account for les than 1% of the Unemployment in 1974, the proportion rose 4% for urban areas and 2.2% in the rural areas. It is impressive to note here that in 2003, Nigerian Unemployment rate declined substantially to 2.3% this declined was attributed to the various government effort aimed at addressing the problems through poverty alleviation programs.
Recently, the federal government accepted word bank figure of 40million, 28.57% unemployed people in Nigeria though there were no details of how the bank arrived at that Figure the admission by the ex-monitor of labour, prince Adelokumbo, Kayode that we do have such an Unemployment crisis is enough to give credence to the report.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This work tries to tackle some problem that is associated with Unemployment as they include the following:
(i) Those looking for employment do not have the necessary skills and knowledge required for the job they seek.
(ii) Every graduate depends solely on white man’s job with zero consideration on agriculture.
(iii) The spirit of ghost workers has reduced the chances of getting employment in some parastatals.
(iv) The government is not giving this Unemployment a serious and favorable consideration.
(v) Politicians choose using our young graduates to actualize their political ambition with a lot of unfulfilled promises and consequently during them after elections.
(vi) The country is filled with unemployed workers. There by leading to a lot of evil doings in the society likely fraud (yahoo yahoo), kidnapping, armed robbery, human trafficking, etc.
(vii) There is high level of corruption among the staff in the government organization especially when it comes to the issue of employment.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This research work was picked up with the following objectives.
(1) To identify the causes of Unemployment in Ivo Local Government.
(2) To determine the effect of Unemployment in Ivo Local Government
(3) To proffer solution to the Unemployment problem in the local government under study
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
This project topic would not have been chosen if the researcher did not find some problems or questions which need urgent attention before it gets out of hand as the country is producing thousands of graduates each year without sufficient jobs. The questions now are:
(1) What are causes of Unemployment
(2) What are the effects of Unemployment in the local government under study
(3) How can the problems of Unemployment be solved.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. The Findings of this work will help young graduates to know that that white man’s job is not the only means of survival.
It will also stand a guideline to them on t he best way to live instead of engagingly in social vices and also provide them with some ways of being self-employed and even employ other.
To the government, it will discourage and also try to provide solution on how to dictate ghost workers in some parastatals and discourage the politicians from using graduates to cause social vices in the name of achieving political ambition.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
This work which h treats Unemployment and its implication to social and economic of Unemployment was limited to Ivo Local Government Area in Ebonyi I state in other to obtain a generation agreement on the findings and solution to the problem. The opinion of the various section of this research work is to solidity our argument.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research work restricts itself to Ivo Local Government in Ebonyi state only. Round other local government.
The little time for the accomplishment of this work could not allow the researcher to get the actual figure of those that are employed and those that are not employed, though the little one that was carried out shows that the state of Unemployment is high and have caused a lot of havoc.
Furthermore, the reactions of some people when asked on an oral interview and when giving a questionnaire, coupled with the high cost of living prevalent in the country as a result of the Global economic crisis and the rate of bad road which resulted to high transport fairs posited its own problems.
1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
The following terms are defined as they are used in the study:
Implications: The possible effect or result of something or an action or decision.
Unemployed: The act of not having a work or the act of staying idle, not having job.
Employment: The state of being employed is when work is being done in other to earn money. It can also be seen as the act of being employed in an institution or organization to perform some certain duties and earn money at the end.
Economy: The relationship between production trade and supply of money in a particular or region.
Society: Particular communities of people, who share the same customs laws, believes etc.
Development: Improvement of something that is being regarded to the gradual change or growth of something that it becomes more advance.
Implication Of Unemployment On The Socio Economic Development:
Unemployment can have significant implications for socio-economic development in a society. These implications are multifaceted and can affect various aspects of a country’s well-being and progress. Here are some key implications of unemployment on socio-economic development:
Economic Growth: High levels of unemployment can hinder economic growth. When a significant portion of the population is unemployed, it means that a substantial portion of a country’s labor force is not contributing to the production of goods and services. This can lead to a decrease in overall economic output.
Poverty: Unemployment is often linked to poverty. Without a source of income, individuals and families may struggle to meet their basic needs, such as food, housing, and healthcare. Prolonged unemployment can push people into poverty, perpetuating a cycle of economic disadvantage.
Social Cohesion: High unemployment rates can lead to social unrest and instability. When a large number of people are unable to find work, frustration and dissatisfaction can build up, potentially leading to protests, demonstrations, or even civil unrest.
Health and Well-being: Unemployed individuals may experience poorer physical and mental health. The stress and anxiety associated with joblessness can have adverse effects on well-being, leading to increased healthcare costs and decreased overall productivity.
Education: Unemployment can affect access to education. Families facing unemployment may have difficulty affording educational expenses, which can limit the educational opportunities available to their children. This, in turn, can hinder human capital development and future economic prospects.
Crime Rates: Some studies suggest a link between unemployment and crime rates. When individuals lack legitimate sources of income, they may turn to illegal activities as a means of survival. This can contribute to higher crime rates and increased costs for law enforcement.
Social Services: High unemployment can strain social safety nets and government resources. As more people require unemployment benefits, welfare, and other forms of assistance, government budgets may come under pressure, potentially diverting resources away from other development initiatives.
Skills Mismatch: In some cases, unemployment may be due to a skills mismatch between the available workforce and the demands of the job market. This can result in a situation where individuals possess skills that are no longer in demand, further exacerbating unemployment issues.
Innovation and Productivity: Prolonged unemployment can lead to a loss of skills and a decline in workforce productivity. A society that does not make use of its human capital to its fullest potential may miss out on opportunities for innovation and technological advancement.
Demographic Implications: Unemployment can have demographic consequences. Young people who enter the job market during times of high unemployment may face difficulties in finding their first job, which can have long-term consequences for their career prospects and overall economic mobility.
In summary, high levels of unemployment can have far-reaching implications for a society’s socio-economic development. It can hinder economic growth, increase poverty and inequality, strain social services, and negatively impact the overall well-being and stability of a nation. Addressing unemployment through effective policies and programs is crucial for promoting sustainable socio-economic development.