Kidnapping As An Element Of Terrorism In Nigeria

5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
There is no general agreement among scholars or lawyers on a definition of terrorism. However, it is the “use of violence for purposes of political extortion, coercion, violence and publicity for a political cause; whether aimed at persons or property, whether consisting of threatened or actual violence and whether the victims are civilians or government official, terrorism is designed to win political concessions by instilling fear.
The first and most immediate problem is one of defining and conceptualizing terrorism as an international crime. The core in the definition of terrorism relates to the actual usage of violence, threats of violence of forms of intimidation to achieve a political objective; definitions from legal and illegal sources tend to affirm this underlying feature. The oxford Advanced learners Dictionary defines terrorism as the use of force, violence and threats of violence especially for political purposes;
Terrorists use violence in an attempt to achieve political goals. Their intent is to bring about political change by creating a climate of fear within the society they oppose. The targeting of innocent victims and symbolic locations for a high profile attack has long been the preferred method of terrorist organizations. For centuries terrorism has been an instrument of repression by government as well as tool of revolutionaries trying to overthrow governments. Beginning in the late 1960s, the occurrence of terrorism increased dramatically throughout the world.
Terrorism has a very long history. Several religious and political ideologies and the wars conducted to advance them show the deep historical original of terrorism. In modern times terrorism was associated with the Jacobin “Reign Of Terror” In France in the 1970s, which involved several thousand executions and disappearances. World war1 (1914-1918) was triggered by the ‘terrorist assassination of Arch duke francs Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. All sides in world war 11 performed many acts of terrorism. The cold war too prompted overt and convert violence that many observers characterized as terrorism.
The 20th century also witnessed great changes in the use and practice of terrorism. Terrorism became the hall mark of a number of political spectrums. Technological advances such as automatic weapons and compact, electrically donated explosives gave terrorists a new mobility and lethality. Terrorism was adopted as virtually a state policy though an unacknowledged one by such totalitarian regime as those of Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin and Nigeria under Sani Abacha and Uganda under administration. In those states arrests, imprisonment, torture and execution were applied without legal guidance or restraints to create a climate of fear and to encourage adherence to the national ideology and the declared economic, social and political goals of the state.
Global security was a principle in international relations that developed after world war which has remained pivotal in the management of international conflicts, crises and violence, or check on aggression. Representatives of 32 countries met near Paris (France) in 1919 to draw up a peace settlement they put in the idea of global security, under which governments would settle international disputes through discussions. The governments also would join together to stop the war like actions of any nations, group or organization.
Established security institutions with some notable exceptions have been relatively silent on the changing patterns of Global security. The dominant discourse in main stream security studies still sees armed conflicts as arising from the pursuit of power by sovereign states. With conflict prevention being primarily a function of traditional diplomacy and/or successful military deterrence peace, from this perspective, is best presented by preparing for war.
It should be noted however that the practice of terrorism and Global security during the cold war era to be assessed in brief. The use of terrorism as it is to day was uncommon during the cold war era because of the presence of the two major powers. Therefore, instead of devising terrorism as a means for resistance or achieving a political interest, some nations or faction groups rather chose to joint either of the blocs. To join any of these blocs then was a faster means to achieve political interest.
The September 11, 2001 attack on the United States was caused by remote and immediate causes such as Unipolarism, which is the rise of a major power. However, domination here implies the ability by which such power influences other nations and orchestrated global politics to gain her interest. The U.S has been a unipolar power since 1991. It should be noted that the following attack was orchestrated before 9/11 2001. the 1993 world trade centre bombings, the August 1998 bombing of U.S embassies in Nairobi Kenya and Tanzania, the October 2000 U.SSS cool bombing, and a few other however they were all linked to the Al-Qaeda.
Many scholars working on 9/11 attack have attributed the causes of the attack to George w. Bush, the then preside of U.S the reason being that on September 11 2001 at 8:35Am the first passenger jet flew into the north tower of the world trade centre. At 9:03A.M, the second jet flew into the south tower of the world trade centre. When George Bush was told about this second jet, he sat quietly reading “My pet goat” to school; children for another 8 minutes
Many people believed that Bush case the attack on 9/11not because of his immediate lack of reaction to the news, which itself is very odd but because of what happened leading up to 9/11and paper 9/11 attack.
All these facts and many more just be incredible coincidences, or three could be a criminal collusion and conspiracy because the bush administration, the Saudis, al Qaeda, and the terrorist. the truth is 9/11 was the perfect excuse the Bush administration need to do what they have been doing: starting a costly long term war in Iraq; running up huge budget deficits as far as be projected, rolling back civil liberties of American citizens and using the war on terror as an excused using for massive increases in military budgets.

5.2 CONCLUSION
The global fight against September 11 attacks and terror networks, was partly intimated and influenced by President George w. bush of the united state. After the attacks president bush built worldwide coalition, military and diplomatically, against terrorism. More than 80 countries suffered losses in the 9/11 attacks, not less than 136 countries had to offer a diverse range of military assistance in the course of global war on terrorism, 46 multinational organizations and cooperation declared their support for the course. As a result, the U.N secretary declared a global war on terrorism. This made the governments of many countries borders against the inflow of aids and grants to terrorist camps in the world.
The United Nations encouraged every genuine security agency to engage in the fight, by tracking down culprits involved in the above states bombings and subsequent plots yet to be executed the central intelligent agency after 9/11and coalition attacked on Afghani the CIA for tracking down al Qaeda member and the terror networks together with the federal bureau of investigation, German security investigator and security agencies of many countries, diplomatically joined forces in discovering terrorist organization and camps invasions countries of which the united nations wants to close, such terrorist organizations which are linking al-Qaeda.
The European services and anti-terror units, after 9/11attck engaged in diplomatic contact to meet to discuss information on global war against terrorism
Other countries include Greece, Belgium, Spain, Saudi; Arabia Russia etc pledge their co-operation with European countries in checking terrorism. They were equipped with their security agents engaging in bio-chemical, explosive devices, anti hijacking training to counter sudden event are act of such terror attacks. Even Nigeria has set up anti – terror sound unit to flight or prevent terror events. Agreements to combat terrorism are enormous the following international conventions and treaties are the particulars importance in the context of the terrorist atrocities, to fighting terrorism.
In conclusion, it should be noted that terrorism which is being associated with violence, force etc has both positive and negative impacts/effects which has political, economical, cultural religious and socials effects/impact.