Logic In Artificial Intelligence: It’s Role In Reinventing The World

ABSTRACT

Logic has played an important role in the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In turn, thinking about applications in AI has led to the development of many new and interesting logical systems. See the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry Logic and Artificial Intelligence for an interesting discussion about the relationship between (philosophical) logic and AI. This course will introduce and critically examine a number of different logical frameworks that have been developed with applications to AI in mind.

The purpose of this course is to critically examine different logical frameworks that can be used to reason about rational agents interacting (with the environment and each other) over time. We will discuss the main research themes and the technical and conceptual issues that arise here. The primary objective is to understand the complex phenomena that arise when rational agents interact and how to incorporate these phenomena into formal models.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE STUDY
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• BENEFIT OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• OVERVIEW OF LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• THE ROLE OF LOGIC IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• INTRODUCTION
• ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REINVENTING THE WORLD
  • Reinventing the healthcare sector with Artificial Intelligence
  • Reinventing the business sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the entertainment sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the FINANCE sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the Data Security sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the MANUFACTURING sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the automotive industry with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the agriculture with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing the Aviation with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Computer science with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Deepfake with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Education sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Finance sector with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Government with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Government with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Hospitals and medicine with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Human resources and recruiting with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Reinventing Job search with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Marketing
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Media and e-commerce
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Military
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Music
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in News, publishing and writing
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Online and telephone customer service
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Power electronics
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Sensors
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Telecommunications maintenance
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Toys and games
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Transportation

CHAPTER FOUR

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Artificial Intelligence is the subfield of Computer Science devoted to developing programs that enable computers to display behavior that can (broadly) be characterized as intelligent.[1] Most research in AI is devoted to fairly narrow applications, such as planning or speech-to-speech translation in limited, well defined task domains. But substantial interest remains in the long-range goal of building generally intelligent, autonomous agents,[2] even if the goal of fully human-like intelligence is elusive and is seldom pursued explicitly and as such.

Throughout its relatively short history, AI has been heavily influenced by logical ideas. AI has drawn on many research methodologies: the value and relative importance of logical formalisms is questioned by some leading practitioners, and has been debated in the literature from time to time.[3] But most members of the AI community would agree that logic has an important role to play in at least some central areas of AI research, and an influential minority considers logic to be the most important factor in enabling strategic, fundamental advances [3].

The relations between AI and philosophical logic are part of a larger story. It is hard to find a major philosophical theme that doesn’t become entangled with issues having to do with reasoning. Implicatures, for instance, have to correspond to inferences that can be carried out by a rational interpreter of discourse. Whatever causality is, causal relations should be inferable in everyday common sense settings. Whatever belief is, it should be possible for rational agents to make plausible inferences about the beliefs of other agents. The goals and standing constraints that inform a rational agent’s behavior must permit the formation of reasonable plans [5].

In each of these cases, compatibility with an acceptable account of the relevant reasoning is essential for a successful philosophical theory. But the methods in the contemporary philosophical inventory are too crude to provide anything like an adequate account of reasoning that is this complex and this entangled in broad world knowledge.

Artificial Intelligence is expected to be a game changer in the world sectors, because of the roles it played in all field of life there is a belief that it is reinventing the world. Organizations are deploying AI-powered machines to aid various functions such as sales, logistics, manufacturing, HR etc. AI can enhance the productivity of different processes by performing cognitive functions just the way humans do, as well as other field of life [3].

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the last decade all operation or activities in all field requires human intervention and operation and this cost effective, consumes times and slows down processes. In other to overcome this limitation artificial intelligence was introduced which provides automation in all field of life. Artificial intelligence (AI) would be achieving what is too difficult for human beings and doing tedious things in place of human beings.

1.3                                                     AIM OF THE STUDY

1. To foster the development and understanding of Artificial Intelligence and its applications worldwide.
2. To promote interdisciplinary exchanges between Artificial Intelligence and other fields of information processing.

1.4                                              OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

At the end of this study the student involved shall be able to learn and understand the general application of logic in artificial intelligence.

1.5                                           SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. AI would have a low error rate compared to humans, if coded properly. They would have incredible precision, accuracy, and speed.
2. They won’t be affected by hostile environments, thus able to complete dangerous tasks, explore in space, and endure problems that would injure or kill us.
   • This can even mean mining and digging fuels that would otherwise be hostile for humans.

• Replace humans in repetitive, tedious tasks and in many laborious places of work.

1. Predict what a user will type, ask, search, and do. They can easily act as assistants and recommend or direct various actions.
   • An example of this can be found in the smartphone.
2. Can detect fraud in card-based systems, and possibly other systems in the future.
3. Organized and manages records.

• Interact with humans for entertainment or a task as avatars or robots.
  • An example of this is AI for playing many videogames.
  • Robotic pets can interact with humans. Can help w/ depression and inactivity.
  • Can fulfill sexual pleasure.
• They can think logically without emotions, making rational decisions with less or no mistakes.

1. Can assess people.
   • This can be for medical purposes, such as health risks and emotional state. Can simulate medical procedures and give info on side effects.
   • Robotic radiosurgery, and other types of surgery in the future, can achieve precision that humans can’t.
2. They don’t need to sleep, rest, take breaks, or get entertained, as they don’t get bored or tired.

1.6                                             LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. Can cost a lot of money and time to build, rebuild, and repair. Robotic repair can occur to reduce time and humans needing to fix it, but that’ll cost more money and resources.
2. It’s questionable: is it ethically and morally correct to have androids, human-like robots, or recreate intelligence, a gift of nature that shouldn’t be recreated? This is a discussion about AI that’s popular in the days.

• Storage is expansive, but access and retrieval may not lead to connections in memory as well as humans could.
  • They can learn and get better with tasks if coded to, but it’s questionable as to if this can ever become as good as humans can do such.
    • They cannot work outside of what they were programmed for.
  • They could never, or, at least, seemingly never with our technological perceptions, receive creativity that humans have.
    • This can prevent sympathizing with emotions for human contact, such as in being nurses. This can also reduce wisdom can understanding.
    • This can prevent common sense occurring. Even if coded with common sense and to learn, it seems hard for them to get as much common sense that humans could.

1. Robots, with them replacing jobs, can lead to severe unemployment, unless if humans can fix the unemployment with jobs AI can’t do or severely change the government to communism.
2. As seen partially with smart phones and other technology already, humans can become too dependent on AI and lose their mental capacities.
3. Machines can easily lead to destruction, if put in the wrong hands. That is, at least a fear of many humans.
   • AI as robots can supersede humans, enslaving us.
     • AI would be the possibility of making human beings rather idle.

1.7                                                 BENEFIT OF THE STUDY

The main benefit of AI is that it can automate an activity that could not be done by machines earlier. The tasks are repetitive and arduous, and AI is best suited to perform such simple yet repetitive jobs.

1.8                                                   RESEARCH QUESTION

What are the disadvantages of artificial intelligence?
What are some advantages of artificial intelligence?
What are the disadvantages of machine learning?

What are the benefits of AI technology?