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Need For Quality Control And Inspection In An Organization

(A Case Study Of Rokena Industries Plc Nekede Owerri, Imo State)

5 Chapters
|
81 Pages
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7,985 Words

Quality control and inspection play indispensable roles in ensuring the excellence and reliability of products and services within an organization. Quality control is a comprehensive process that encompasses various measures to guarantee that the end results meet predefined standards. It involves meticulous examination and assessment of each phase of production or service delivery, aiming to identify and rectify any deviations from the specified criteria. Inspection, on the other hand, is a critical component of quality control that involves a detailed scrutiny of individual products or services to verify their compliance with established benchmarks. The significance of these processes cannot be overstated, as they contribute to enhancing customer satisfaction, building a reputable brand image, and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. By systematically integrating quality control and inspection procedures into the organizational framework, companies can foster a culture of excellence, uphold customer trust, and ultimately achieve sustained success in the competitive business landscape.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of content

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of study
1.2 Statement of the problems
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope of the study
1.6 Limitation of study
1.7 Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Description of quality
2.3 Description of inspection
2.4 Responsibility for quality control
2.5 Objectives of quality control
2.6 Purpose of quality control and inspections of goods in an organization
2.7 Area of control for quality and inspection of a product
2.8 Out going finished prospects
2.9 Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research design
3.3 Data collection method
3.4 Population study
3.5 Sample techniques
3.6 Validation of research instrument
3.7 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation and analysis of data
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation of data
4.3 Analysis of data
4.4 Interpretation of results

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, conclusion and recommendations
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In most organizations the activities covering the quality and inspection function are spread throughout its own department and may also spread to suppliers of subcontracted items components, suppliers, customers and the distribution chain.
At the beginning of industries revolution, goods were supplied by individuals or small groups restricted to the foil. Individual craft man often carried out all the function of quality control and inspection both managerial and technical. The craft man knew his customers needs, planned to meet them, made the articles as well as the current state of technology allowed, and also revived his customer’s complaints.
With the growth of industry and the increasing completing of projects and organization quality, problem began to grow and the management activities of planning, control and execution has to be divided among several individuals, although the owner kept control of the key decision such as setting standards, interpreting results and deciding action.
He was able to do this because he was physically present and knew all that was going on and the enterprise was still comparatively small and the employee interest and his own were identical. As the industrial revolution progressed and technology developed and become more widespread, the importance of inspection and quality control function increased it was not only the company which are now vulnerable but the population at large, a defect gas in drugs can cause many death or deformities, a defective circuit breaking can paralyze whole district, defective gas equipment can result in explosion and loss of life a missile failing to launch give enormous propaganda advantages to an every.
Large organization were formed and met the technical challenges by creating technical specialist but they failed to meet the managerial which was cause by dispersion of quality and inspection activities, with physical and organization of sorting good from bad, for the first time we had employees whose main activity was inspection organizational unit of the organization. During world war 11, enrich into the areas of standardization, defect, prevention and analysis of complaints statistical quality control, reliability engineering and reliability evaluation were rapidly introduced.
Quality control and inspection of goods are important technical and economical considerations in manufacturing. Through engineers and customers, specify quality standards is the responsibility of the manufacturing division to produce work of satisfactory quality. Product quality is defined as “ A set of specification governing functional performance, composition, strength, shape, dimensions, workmanship, colour and finish” quality is meaningfully only in relation to the purpose for which its is designed (Oyeoku), 1993
Since the research is on product quality control and inspection of goods in an organization, (like Rokena industries PLC Nekede Owerri, Imo state)
It is also good to know the measure of quality control and inspection. This will then reveal to the manufacturers what they will look into when inspecting or controlling the quality of a product.
There is no single concise definition of quality control, which is broad enough to convey a complete picture of the over all industrial quality control activity, but at the same time narrow enough to differentiae it unarubiguously from related industrial activities. Oyeoku further said that the more acceptable definition it that quality control is “ the recognition and removal of identifiable causes of defects and variables from the set standards of a product” when a product is sub- standard, statistical techniques can be used for the systematic observation of quality and interpretation of variability, then corrective action can be undertaken.
Since the quality of a product can be checked by inspection, inspection then means the application of test and measuring devices to compare products and performance with specified standards. It determines weather a given product fall within specified limited of variability and therefore is acceptable or unacceptable” Acceptance inspection cannot inspect good quality into the product also it merely identifies non- acceptable unit after processing, inspectors will help to control quality by providing foremen engineers, designers with information useful in eliminating assignable causes of defect work.
Finally, it is recognized that quality and inspection of goods it the concern of every body in the organization and that many respects of quality transcends the function, responsibilities and frequently the capability of quality control and inspection of goods in organization staff.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The improvement of inspection and quality of purchased materials and component are of vital important to every organization whether large or small.
Here, the research work is therefore concerned with the how manufacturing industrial like Rokena industries PLC Nekede, Owerri Imo state. Identifies main faults in specifying and controlling the quality of purchased materials. This is so because problems often occur in drawing up the specification and controlling the quality of supplier and purchased materials.
Thus, the researcher is therefore concerned with ensuing that good quality materials are purchased in line with specification and that the number of rejection is reduced through better inspection, better training, through greater awareness and a greater sense of involvement among management and staff of the organization.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This project is a research work on the problem of a product quality control and inspection of goods in an organization with reference to Rokena industries PLC Nekede, Owerri. And the main objective of this research work are as follows:-
(i) To ensure maintenance of adequate quality necessary to satisfy customers and to meet the competition of rival producers.
(ii) To enable an organization to realized and achieve the fullest potentials of their programme by developing a sound economical quality control and inspection programme in their organization.
(iii) To ensures that high cost which always results from rejection of wrong supplies from suppliers, lower quality of finished items and excessive quality specification are eliminated
(iv) To avoids confusion between purchasers and suppliers in determining what is required, which as well results in improved relationship between the firm and their suppliers. The objectives also include:
Supplying the right quality which results in lower cost.
Detecting and correction of defective materials.
Reduction in raw materials and labour cost, thus improving the profitability the firm.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significant of this study is that it will help the researcher to throw a lot of light on the subject matter and in arousing the conscience of all who have or assumed responsibility on the need for quality control of purchased material in an organization like Rokena industries PLC.
This is so because it will lead to cost effectiveness and reduction, meeting up with specification and standardization, constant production activities, producing quality products and adequate professional recognition in the industrial sectors
Therefore, this research work will serve as a source of information toward ensuring that quality materials are maintained at all time to the following:-
Purchasing personnel
Manufacturing industries
Undergraduates studying purchasing and supply management as a course
Quality control personal in organizations
Other management personnel that contribute in one way or the other towards ensuring maintaining quality materials
Further more, this area of study can also be instrumental to students to acquire more experience in quality control in the sense that it will help my fellow student or any researcher who will use this research work as a reference material to get some facts on any research he or she is carrying out. And it will also enables the students to know the necessary needs of controlling quality in an organization.
Also, this research work will equally serve as a source of knowledge to the student carrying out the research, and it will also provide more ideas about the area of study which will help to enlighten the student in carrying out this research work on the benefits and quality control.
Finally, to the other industries that come across this research work, it will enable then to get some ideas on how to control the quality of their purchase material. And also, when they industry have any problem on the quality of their purchase materials this research work will serve as a source of solution to the problem.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Quality control, which is the procedure for meeting the quality goals in an organization like Rokena industries PLC, is a vast area of study. As a result, this research work will cover only the effective quality control of purchased materials and inspection of goods in order to ensure quality finished products as related to the Rokana industries PLC Nekede, Owerri Imo state.

1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY
It is necessary to comment that the scope of the study has been limited by a number of circumstance, which are beyond the author’s control was already set up in business and the original decision makers were invariably not available to explain these motivational influences. This made it impossible get answers, which are useful to the topic in writing. The controller was not ready to review way which they use to control quality of their product. Also the mangers contacted have been with their plans establishments, they are more or less expend set down by parent company to manage their limitations of a general nature tends to be more subjective approach. The opinions expressed in answers to questions tends to reflect personal bases moreover, they have time place variations.
In Nigerian the way people look at researchers is another limiting factor, they thought that researchers are out to solve the problem of their company, as such, they are based and scares at releasing vital information that would have been useful to the researchers. Death of availability of materials for the researchers product, by reducing variability and increasing product uniformity through inspection and quality control, a greater quality of goods product is produced. Raw materials costs are reduced. Scarp are minimized. Beyond this direct significance to manufacturers are the long- term economics benefits of conservation of the notional manpower and resources.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
(1) QUALITY: As the totality of features and characteristics of product or a service that bears on the ability to satisfy a stated given or implied need.
(2) QUALITY CONTROL: Goes in had with inspection as they are important technical and economic considerations in organization. Through engineers and customers specify quality.
(3) SPECIFICATION: This is a description of any object material or process in sufficient detail to enable its manufacture and further identifiable reproduction. In other world it is a definitive description of what is wanted.
(4) STANDARD: It is a description of an acceptable level of quality design and composition of a particular item that has evolved through the study and experience of organizations sometimes in cooperation with governmental agencies. Zenz (1994:200)
(5) STANDARDIZATION: It is an agreement on definite sizes, design, quality and the like
(6) PRODUCT: It is a bundle of physical and psychological attributes (satisfaction) offered to defined customer group through exchange processes.
(7) RAW MATERIALS: Unprocessed stock awaiting conversion into salable products
(8) SUPPLIER: A general tem used by supplies staff for all kinds of providers of goods and services purchased or procured by them.

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Need For Quality Control And Inspection In An Organization:

Quality control and inspection are crucial aspects of any organization, regardless of its industry or size. They play a vital role in ensuring that products or services meet established standards and customer expectations. Here are some reasons why quality control and inspection are essential in an organization:

Customer Satisfaction: Meeting or exceeding customer expectations is vital for business success. Quality control and inspection help identify and rectify defects or deviations from standards, ensuring that customers receive products or services that meet their requirements and are of high quality.

Cost Reduction: Identifying and addressing quality issues early in the production or service delivery process can prevent costly rework, scrap, and customer complaints. By maintaining quality standards, organizations can reduce operational costs and improve efficiency.

Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Many industries have strict quality and safety regulations that organizations must adhere to. Non-compliance can lead to legal issues, fines, and reputational damage. Quality control and inspection help ensure that products and processes meet these regulatory requirements.

Brand Reputation: Consistently delivering high-quality products or services helps build a positive brand reputation. A strong brand reputation can lead to customer loyalty, increased market share, and a competitive advantage.

Continuous Improvement: Quality control and inspection processes provide valuable data and feedback that organizations can use to identify areas for improvement. This leads to ongoing process optimization, product enhancements, and innovation.

Supply Chain Management: Quality control and inspection extend to suppliers and partners in the supply chain. Ensuring that incoming materials and components meet quality standards helps prevent issues further downstream and maintains consistency in the final product.

Risk Mitigation: Quality control and inspection help identify potential risks early on, allowing organizations to take corrective actions before these issues escalate. This proactive approach can prevent product recalls, safety incidents, and customer dissatisfaction.

Employee Engagement: Employees often take pride in their work when they see that their efforts contribute to producing high-quality products or services. A culture of quality can boost employee morale and motivation.

Data-Driven Decision Making: Quality control and inspection generate data and metrics that can be analyzed to make informed decisions about process improvements, resource allocation, and strategic planning.

Competitive Advantage: Organizations that consistently deliver quality products or services are more likely to stand out in the marketplace. Quality can be a significant differentiator and a source of competitive advantage.

In conclusion, quality control and inspection are essential components of an organization’s overall quality management system. They help ensure customer satisfaction, compliance with regulations, cost efficiency, and long-term success. Organizations that prioritize quality control and inspection are better positioned to thrive in today’s competitive business environment.