Policy Making And Implementation A Tool For An Efficient Management System To Achieve The Objective Of An Organization

INTRODUCTION
The task of achieving the objective of an organization is one that has for many years remained a hard not to crack by the management of most organization, and as such left most of the organization either dead or stagnet.
The need for policy making arise due to the nature of business firm that opeates in this era. A firm which has originally commenced operations in a single product line catering for a unique set of customer in a limited geographical area, expanded in one or more dimension. Informal control and co-ordinations became partially irrelevant as expansion took place and the need for integrate functional areas arose. This integration functional area arose. This integration brings about framing of policies to guide managerial action. Policymaking became the prime responsibility for effective management system.
The implementation phase in strategic management process consist of a set of activities by which the top management assures that the strategic choice is communicated and related to both the organization and its people. This is to say that implementation encompasses the activity of developing the organizational structure and climate best suited for the implementation of the chosen or adopted policy.
This task which is so much important in the life of and organization wishing to survive and to grow cannot be over-emphasized considering the dynamic nature of the world we are in today. However, for management system to effectively carry out this task of achieving the objective of an organization, that management system must aim itself with the tools of policy making and implementation to enable it to adjust to the environment changes surrounding them.
It is based on this important note that the researcher in conducting a research on the topic “policy marking and implementation a tool for efficient management system to achieve the objective of a organization” with a particular references to Micheal Okpara Federal University of Agriculture Umudike.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The management of most organization in the world today have been facing the problem of not knowing how they could achieve the objective of their organization in the face of the changing world, so that their organization will survive and grow.
This problem which has defile may management approaches is what the researcher is aimed at solving.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The purpose of the research problem include to following:-
1. To ascertain the effect of the policy and its implementation on organization performance.
2. To bring out the relationship between policy and its implementation on efficient management system.
3. To determine the nature of problem militating against effective policy and its implementation in achieving organizational goals.
4. To make useful recommendation based on the findings of the study.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study by the researcher is:-
i. To find out the important role of policy making and implementation plays in achieving an organizational objective.
ii. To improve the mental ability of the managers and enable them to link theory with practical such ability is important in making policy where large numbers of factors have to be considered.

1.4 HYPOTHESIS
Ho: The efficient management system does not depend on policy making and implementation for attainment of organizational objective,
Hi: The efficient management system depends on policymaking and implementation for attainment of organizational objective.
Ho: Effective implementation does not contribute to an efficient management system.
In some banks, plementation of polices contribute immensely to an efficient management system.

1.5 SIGNIFICNACE OF THE STUDY
The importance of policymaking and its implementation cannot be over-emphasized. It can be viewed in different context where it proves to be helpful.
1. This study will enable management student to know the process of policy making and implementation and the important roles it plays in achieving the objective of the organization.
2. This study will help in training of the future managers by showing how things should be done.
3. It will enable public policy makers to provide guidelines for the achievement of the objective of government establishment.
4. It will help managers to economies their time, since polices direct future action, managers do not engage in daily guiding of sub-ordinates.
5. it will enable the general readers to be acquainted with the process of making policies.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to the topic “policy making and implementation a tool for efficient management system to achieve the objective of an organization and the organization here is Micheal Okpara Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
OBJECTIVES
They are the basic economic and social purposes for which an organization exists. They are also defined in an organization.
POLICY
A predetermined guide established to provide directions to decision making. A policy defined as area within which the decision can be made but it does not take the decisions.
EFFICIENT
The ability to achieve a result with minimum input.

MANAGEMENT
The efficient utilization of the human, material and financial resources of an organization to achieve the objective of an organization.
It can also be defined as body or group of person who see to the efficient utilization of the human, material and financial resources of an organization to achieve the objective of the organization.
It can be also be defined as a business enterprise which arrange resources, define responsibility and authorities to individual to enable them perform their duties.

ORGANIZATION
A business unit, set up to achieve objective.
POLICY MAKING
Is a purpose of developing an-effective policy?
POLICY CHOICE
Is a chosen policy from among the alternatives?
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
The process of implementing a chosen policy.

TOOL
An instrument for achieving an objective.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
Is the process of examining the environment of an organization for the identification of opportunities and threats and strength and weakness?
EVALUATION
Is the process of examining the performance of policy in achieving a given or objective.