Policy Making And Implementation A Tool For An Efficient Management System To Achieve The Objective Of An Organization
(A Case Study Of Michael Opara Federal University Of Agriculture Umudike Abia State)
Policy making and implementation play a crucial role in establishing a robust management system that drives organizational objectives effectively. Through strategic policy formulation, organizations can set clear guidelines and frameworks to guide decision-making processes across various departments and levels. Implementation of these policies ensures consistency and adherence to established standards, facilitating efficient operations and resource allocation. Effective policy implementation fosters accountability, transparency, and alignment with organizational goals, thereby enhancing overall performance and competitiveness. By continually evaluating and refining policies, organizations can adapt to changing environments and stakeholder needs, ensuring relevance and effectiveness in achieving their mission and vision.
Policy making and implementation is one issue that cannot be over-emphasized because of the important role it plays in the lit of any organization willing to survive and to growth in the face of the changing global village (world).
Based on the need for organizations to achieve their objectives, the researcher decided to conducted a research study on the topic “policy making and implementation a tool for an effective management system to achieve objective of an organization” with a particular reference to Michael Okpala Federal University of Agriculture Umudike Abia State.
The objective of these studies to show importance of policymaking and implementation in the achieving the organizational corporate objective.
In chapter two the researcher reviewed the literature of some eminent scholars that are related to this research topic under study.
In chapter three, the researcher discussed on the methodology of research in which various method applied in conducting the research were discussed such as primary and seconding methods of data collection, the simple percentage method the random sample and chance method while chi-square are employed for the test of hypothesis.
In chapter four, the research also analysed and interpreted the responses of the respondents by using tabular form for easy understanding and interpretation while the chi-square is used to test the hypothesis stated in chapter one.
Finally in chapter five, the researcher made the summary on his findings and conclusions, recommendation and suggestions.
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Statement of purpose
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Hypothesis
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Definition terms
1.7 Reference
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Concept of organization policy
2.2 Definitions of policy
2.3 Types of policy
2.4 Policy making and implementation
2.5 Areas of implementation
2.6 Reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Sampling procedure
3.4 Source of data
3.5 Collection of data
3.6 Description of analysis
3.7 Population study/sample size
3.8 Historical background
3.9 Limitation of the research work
3.10 Reference
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation and analysis of data
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation of data
4.3 Testing of hypothesis
References
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary, conclusion, recommendation and suggestions
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestions
References
Appendix
INTRODUCTION
The task of achieving the objective of an organization is one that has for many years remained a hard not to crack by the management of most organization, and as such left most of the organization either dead or stagnet.
The need for policy making arise due to the nature of business firm that opeates in this era. A firm which has originally commenced operations in a single product line catering for a unique set of customer in a limited geographical area, expanded in one or more dimension. Informal control and co-ordinations became partially irrelevant as expansion took place and the need for integrate functional areas arose. This integration functional area arose. This integration brings about framing of policies to guide managerial action. Policymaking became the prime responsibility for effective management system.
The implementation phase in strategic management process consist of a set of activities by which the top management assures that the strategic choice is communicated and related to both the organization and its people. This is to say that implementation encompasses the activity of developing the organizational structure and climate best suited for the implementation of the chosen or adopted policy.
This task which is so much important in the life of and organization wishing to survive and to grow cannot be over-emphasized considering the dynamic nature of the world we are in today. However, for management system to effectively carry out this task of achieving the objective of an organization, that management system must aim itself with the tools of policy making and implementation to enable it to adjust to the environment changes surrounding them.
It is based on this important note that the researcher in conducting a research on the topic “policy marking and implementation a tool for efficient management system to achieve the objective of a organization” with a particular references to Micheal Okpara Federal University of Agriculture Umudike.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The management of most organization in the world today have been facing the problem of not knowing how they could achieve the objective of their organization in the face of the changing world, so that their organization will survive and grow.
This problem which has defile may management approaches is what the researcher is aimed at solving.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The purpose of the research problem include to following:-
1. To ascertain the effect of the policy and its implementation on organization performance.
2. To bring out the relationship between policy and its implementation on efficient management system.
3. To determine the nature of problem militating against effective policy and its implementation in achieving organizational goals.
4. To make useful recommendation based on the findings of the study.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study by the researcher is:-
i. To find out the important role of policy making and implementation plays in achieving an organizational objective.
ii. To improve the mental ability of the managers and enable them to link theory with practical such ability is important in making policy where large numbers of factors have to be considered.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS
Ho: The efficient management system does not depend on policy making and implementation for attainment of organizational objective,
Hi: The efficient management system depends on policymaking and implementation for attainment of organizational objective.
Ho: Effective implementation does not contribute to an efficient management system.
In some banks, plementation of polices contribute immensely to an efficient management system.
1.5 SIGNIFICNACE OF THE STUDY
The importance of policymaking and its implementation cannot be over-emphasized. It can be viewed in different context where it proves to be helpful.
1. This study will enable management student to know the process of policy making and implementation and the important roles it plays in achieving the objective of the organization.
2. This study will help in training of the future managers by showing how things should be done.
3. It will enable public policy makers to provide guidelines for the achievement of the objective of government establishment.
4. It will help managers to economies their time, since polices direct future action, managers do not engage in daily guiding of sub-ordinates.
5. it will enable the general readers to be acquainted with the process of making policies.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to the topic “policy making and implementation a tool for efficient management system to achieve the objective of an organization and the organization here is Micheal Okpara Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
OBJECTIVES
They are the basic economic and social purposes for which an organization exists. They are also defined in an organization.
POLICY
A predetermined guide established to provide directions to decision making. A policy defined as area within which the decision can be made but it does not take the decisions.
EFFICIENT
The ability to achieve a result with minimum input.
MANAGEMENT
The efficient utilization of the human, material and financial resources of an organization to achieve the objective of an organization.
It can also be defined as body or group of person who see to the efficient utilization of the human, material and financial resources of an organization to achieve the objective of the organization.
It can be also be defined as a business enterprise which arrange resources, define responsibility and authorities to individual to enable them perform their duties.
ORGANIZATION
A business unit, set up to achieve objective.
POLICY MAKING
Is a purpose of developing an-effective policy?
POLICY CHOICE
Is a chosen policy from among the alternatives?
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
The process of implementing a chosen policy.
TOOL
An instrument for achieving an objective.
ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
Is the process of examining the environment of an organization for the identification of opportunities and threats and strength and weakness?
EVALUATION
Is the process of examining the performance of policy in achieving a given or objective.
Policy making and implementation are indeed critical tools for achieving the objectives of an organization and ensuring efficient management. Let’s break down the key aspects of this process:
1. Define Clear Objectives:
- Before creating policies, it’s essential to have a clear understanding of the organization’s objectives and goals. Policies should align with these objectives to contribute effectively to their achievement.
2. Policy Development:
- Policies are guidelines and rules that provide a framework for decision-making and actions within an organization. They can cover various areas such as HR, finance, operations, and compliance.
- When developing policies, consider the organization’s values, mission, and legal requirements. Involve relevant stakeholders, such as subject matter experts and affected employees, in the policy development process to ensure a well-rounded perspective.
- Policies should be clear, concise, and easily understood by all employees. They should outline the desired behaviors, actions, or procedures and the consequences of non-compliance.
3. Implementation Planning:
- Once policies are developed, a comprehensive implementation plan is necessary. This plan should include:
- Identifying responsible individuals or teams for each policy.
- Defining a timeline for implementation.
- Allocating necessary resources, including training and technology.
- Communicating policies to all employees and ensuring they understand them.
4. Training and Education:
- Employees need to be educated about the policies and their implications. Training programs and resources should be provided to ensure that everyone understands their roles and responsibilities in complying with the policies.
5. Monitoring and Enforcement:
- Regularly monitor policy compliance and performance to identify any issues or areas that require improvement.
- Establish mechanisms for reporting policy violations and ensure that appropriate consequences are in place for non-compliance. Consistent enforcement is crucial to maintain the integrity of the policies.
6. Adaptation and Revision:
- Policies should not be static. They need to evolve to meet changing organizational needs, external regulations, or market conditions. Regularly review and update policies as necessary.
7. Feedback Loop:
- Encourage employees to provide feedback on policies and their implementation. This feedback can help identify gaps and opportunities for improvement.
8. Technology and Automation:
- Utilize technology and automation tools to streamline policy implementation, tracking, and reporting. This can enhance efficiency and reduce the risk of human error.
9. Accountability and Leadership:
- Leadership should set an example by adhering to policies and demonstrating the importance of compliance.
- Ensure that there is a clear chain of accountability for policy implementation and that individuals or teams responsible for implementation are held accountable for their roles.
10. Continuous Improvement: – Continuous improvement is essential to ensure that policies and their implementation processes remain effective and aligned with the organization’s objectives.
In summary, policy making and implementation are integral components of effective organizational management. When well-crafted policies are developed, communicated, and enforced properly, they serve as valuable tools to guide behavior, achieve objectives, manage risks, and promote organizational efficiency. Regular review and adaptation of policies are crucial to keeping them relevant in a dynamic business environment.