Production Of Liquid And Vapourized Perfume
The production of liquid and vaporized perfume involves a meticulous process of blending aromatic compounds, solvents, fixatives, and diluents to achieve desired fragrance profiles. Initially, perfumers meticulously select and combine various natural and synthetic aromatic ingredients, such as essential oils, floral extracts, and synthetic aroma chemicals, in precise proportions to create unique scent compositions. These compositions are then dissolved in a suitable solvent, typically alcohol or a blend of alcohol and water, to form the liquid perfume. The concentration of aromatic compounds in the solvent determines the perfume’s strength, ranging from eau de toilette to perfume extract. Additionally, for vaporized perfume products such as aerosols or diffusers, the liquid perfume is further processed and formulated to optimize its volatility and dispersibility, often through the incorporation of propellants or emulsifiers. Throughout the production process, quality control measures ensure consistency, stability, and adherence to regulatory standards, resulting in finely crafted fragrances that captivate the senses and evoke desired emotions.
This research project was carried out principally for the production of liquid and vapourized perfumes from local raw materials. The local raw material were subjected to various processing conditions in order to obtain purified perfume. The methods generally used in this work include expression steam distillation and solvent extraction.
During the production of vapourized and liquid perfume the modern solvent for blending and holding perfume materials is highly refined ethanol mixed with more or less water according to the solubilities of the oils employed. This solvent with its volatile nature helps to project the scent it carries, and it is fairly inert to the solute and is not too irritating to the human skin.
The slight natural odour of the alcohol is remove by deodorizing of the alcohol. This is accomplished by adding a small amount of gum benzoic or other resinous fixatives to the alcohol and allowing it to mature for a week or two. The result is an almost odorless alcohol, the natural rawness having been neutralized by the resins. Other vehicles added to this includes benzene which is a solubilizer and methanol in their required proportions.
For vaporized perfumes , it has light quantity benzene while the liquid perfume has little or no of benzene and it contains more of the fragrance than the vapourized perfume.
However, it can be concluded that liquid and vapourized perfumes can be produced using local raw materials.
Contents page
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Motivation
Objective of the project
2.0 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Brief description of perfumes
2.2 Historical background of perfumes
2.3 Classification of perfumes
2.4 Uses, application and general
Importance of perfumes
2.5 Raw material used in perfumery
2.6 Chemical composition and chemistry of perfumes
2.7 Quantity standards and physical characteristic
2.8 General method of isolating essential oil
2.9 Formulation procedure of perfumes
3.0 CHAPTER THREE
EXPERIMENTAL
3.1 Raw material
3.2 Equipment and general process description
3.3 Exaction procedures
3.4 Perfumes compounding and formulation
3.5 Characterization of perfume
4.0 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Results
4.2 Analysis and discussion of result
5.0 CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 General recommendations
Reference
Appendix
INTRODUCTION
The word perfumes take its name form the latin word perfumery (to fill with smoke) since in its original form, it was incense burner in Egyptian temple early it was found in a mixture of finely ground spices help together by Mgrrh or storax.
It occur in certain spices and flowers were steeped in fat or oil, the fat or oil would retain a portion of the odoriferous principle which can be blended by a constitutes like vehicle a solvent and fixture.
It also occur in some leaves, seals fruits and grasses. It first production data back to the 6th century BC when God gave Moses an instruction to make an acter of twin incense and Aaron shall burn there on sweet morning (ref Exodus 30:23)
Early incenses was merely mixture of finely ground spices held together by myrrh or storax. The next advance was the discovery that, if certain spices and flower were steeped in fat & oil “Avicenna” the Arabian physician discovered steam distillation of volatile oils during his search for medical petion, he found that flower boiled in an alembic with water gave up some of their essence to the distillate.
Hence, the quest for sweet smelling substance (perfume) was born perfumery look it genesis from the midst of antiquity, and in present day’s till maintains its ageless quality “sweet smelling fragrance”
MOTIVATION
Due to the various uses of body perfume in the country, the new arises for its production from locally raw material in trade to reduce cost of buying from aboard and subsequent important into the country.
This project is therefore towards providing alternative source of raw material for the production of perfume. This will be in very large measure aid in minimizing, if not slopping entirely, the present important syndrome which does not only constitute a sever chain on our economy but has also turn our country into a fertile dumping ground for both low quality and out dates perfumery and it will also create job opportunities in the countries.
OBJECTIVE
This work is aimed at developing an economical and indigenous way of producing body perfume using locally raw material in the best interest of small scale industries there by conserving their foreign exchange earnings.
But in Nigeria over ninety percent of the perfumes in use are imported either as finished or semi finished product.
Even the very little produced locally are still based on synthetic raw material, which are also imported. This is rather unfortunate, considering that numerous natural sources locally available form which the basic raw material for the production of perfume can be obtained. In cognizance of these facts, it become necessary and indeed of paramount importance that alternative source of raw materials be sought.
Even if the raw material locally available in commercial quantities and at reasonable cost, and with other advantage, natural product must be used in other to achieve a certain richness and natural character in perfumes. Although study is progressing material and in reconstructing them by synthesis the moment is still far of when gravity, solubility, refractive index, optical rotation, acid value, ester value, iodine value and among other. A knowledge of these physical characteristics help in the designing of the quality of the eventual product obtained.
Finally, an attempt is made at formulating specific brands of perfume from different oils using standard procedures.
Production Of Liquid And Vapourized Perfume:
The production of liquid and vaporized perfume involves a combination of artistry, science, and careful manufacturing processes. Perfume is a complex mixture of various aromatic compounds, solvents, and fixatives that are blended to create a pleasing scent that can be applied to the skin (liquid perfume) or diffused into the air (vaporized or spray perfume). Here’s an overview of the production process:
1. Formulation:
Perfumers, often referred to as “noses,” are skilled individuals who create unique fragrance formulations. They combine various aromatic ingredients, such as essential oils, aroma chemicals, and natural extracts, to achieve the desired scent profile.
2. Ingredient Selection:
Perfumers select raw materials based on their olfactory properties (scent) and their ability to blend harmoniously with other ingredients.
3. Blending:
The selected aromatic ingredients are precisely measured and blended together. This process requires expertise and careful attention to detail to achieve the desired fragrance composition.
4. Dilution:
The concentrated fragrance blend is often diluted with a specific solvent, such as ethanol (alcohol) or a mix of water and alcohol, to create the desired concentration of the perfume. The concentration can vary, with Eau de Parfum being stronger than Eau de Toilette or Eau de Cologne.
5. Aging:
The blended fragrance is left to mature or “age” for a specific period. During this time, the scent may evolve and become more refined.
6. Filtration:
The perfume is filtered to remove any solid particles or impurities that may affect the quality or appearance of the final product.
7. Bottling:
The filtered perfume is then filled into appropriate bottles or containers. The design and packaging of the bottle play a significant role in the marketing of the perfume.
8. Quality Control:
Quality control checks are conducted to ensure that each batch of perfume meets the desired fragrance profile, concentration, and quality standards.
9. Vaporization and Atomization:
To produce vaporized or spray perfume, the liquid perfume is dispensed from the bottle through a nozzle, creating a fine mist or spray. This allows users to apply the perfume evenly to their skin or clothing.
10. Packaging and Distribution:
The finished perfume products are packaged for retail sale, including labeling, branding, and packaging materials. Perfumes are then distributed to retailers, online stores, and other sales channels.
It’s important to note that the production of high-quality perfumes often involves a combination of natural and synthetic ingredients, and the exact formulation is usually a closely guarded trade secret by perfume manufacturers. Perfume creation is considered an art form, and the choice of ingredients and their blending is what makes each perfume unique. Additionally, the safety and regulatory compliance of perfumes are also essential considerations in their production.