Simulation And Development Of An Android App For An Integrated Wsn Monitoring Poultry

ABSTRACT

Development in the technology of sensor such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless communications, embedded systems, distributed processing and wireless sensor applications have contributed a large transformation in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) recently. It assists and improves work performance both in the field of industry and our daily life. Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used in many areas especially for surveillance and monitoring in agriculture and habitat monitoring. Environment monitoring has become an important field of control and protection, providing real-time system and control communication with the physical world.  An intelligent and smart Wireless Sensor Network system can gather and process a large amount of data from the beginning of the monitoring and manage air quality, the conditions of traffic, to weather situations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM / OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• MOBILE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
• REVIEW OF RELATED WORK
• EXISTING METHODS OF SENSING AND MONITORING
• CELLULAR NETWORK COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER THREE

3.0           METHODOLOGY

• BASICS OF THE SYSTEM
• SYSTEM OVERALL STRUCTURE DESIGN
• SYSTEM TOPOLOGY DESIGN
• DEVELOPMENT OF MAIN FUNCTION MODULE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                           INTRODUCTION

1.1                                             BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For over a decade, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been conceptualized as a dense set of low-cost and low-complexity devices that are capable of sensing phenomena [5]. The nodes in these prior networks collaboratively monitor the phenomena by utilizing short-range, multi-hop communication behavior. The nodes are also considered disposable and often, fail. To withstand these failures, the nodes are deployed in high density. To ensure desirable life-time requirements, the nodes feature low-energy consumption characteristics in both hardware and software. These described features make WSN applications ideal for numerous military, environmental, health, home, and commercial applications.

The low-cost and energy efficient aspects of WSNs motivate its use towards migratory bird tracking. Unfortunately, the extremely mobile behavior of the migratory birds make utilizing traditional WSN methods impractical. Therefore mobile (android) Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) approaches must be considered instead. Mobile WSNs differ from traditional WSNs in many ways. In traditional WSNs the nodes are dense, static, and

use collaborative techniques to disseminate and collect data. It is also assumed that these nodes are always connected, even in cases where some of the devices fail. In the mobile setting, this is not the case. In most cases, connectivity cannot be guaranteed in mobile settings and alternative approaches of communication must be utilized. The energy characteristics also differ in mobile networks since the location of the neighboring nodes are usually indeterminable. Thus, mobile WSNs are unable to benefit from methods used in the traditional WSNs, where the static configuration allows the network to coordinate energy saving efforts across all the nodes.

The enhanced sensing, life-time, and communication capabilities available at a low- cost make utilization of mobile WSNs practical. However, existing mobile WSNs are far from ready to fulfill requirements of a system that monitors a mobile migratory species over a large geographical area.  To utilize the mobile WSNs, the behavior of the mobile entity must be predictable or understood.  Predictability of the migratory birds mobility currently falls short, where the end-points of the migrations are mainly under- stood. The known end-points suggest the use of delay-tolerant networks for monitoring the migratory species [11].  However, the current state of the art, which utilizes satellite technology is more responsive than this method. Migration over great geographical areas make dependency on solely delay tolerant networks inadequate for tracking purposes.  Instead, the acceptable method to reach similar responsiveness, would be to deploy a large set of access points over the geographical area.  This is clearly too costly and impractical. For tracking efforts, it was observed that pre-existing cellular networks could be utilized to add connectivity to compete with the state-of-the-art migratory tracking approaches. This approach is also novel for monitoring species with wireless sensor networks.   In this  thesis,  the  approach  to  monitor  the  endangered  birds with multi-modal sensing and communication devices is described. In addition to these efforts, the prior sensing capabilities of the ecologists are enhanced by utilizing a solid-state compass for behavior identification. Furthermore, this work provides insight on the process to develop a mobile WSN of this type. In this process the development and simulation techniques created and utilized to make a functional system, are described.

1.2                                                    PROBLEM STATEMENT

The interaction between poultry animals and human has been developed and recognize for decades. The contribution of animals love, true-hearted and continuity live can provide positive impact on human physical and mental [12][13].

However, nowadays many animals lack proper treatment and there are also cases where these animals’ diseases are not detected. Therefore, it is important to have a monitoring system to monitor poultry animal behaviour and produce a report regarding their health or behaviour in real-time system. In order to carry out this assignment, it involves labour, consumes time and cost. The development of an android application for an integrated WSN for environmental monitoring system has been applied in many applications in order to assist people working in poultry in their job and reduce cost and time of monitoring their birds and environment.

1.3                                        AIM / OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

This work aims to address issues found in monitoring migratory species. Moreover, the timeliness that the information is received, exceeds the usefulness for field observations and collection of perished birds.

The mobile WSNs exhibit ideal characteristics for tracking migratory birds. How- ever, the short-comings of prior wildlife tracking efforts with WSNs motivate creation of a more capable tracking system. This work aims to address these short-comings by development of a tracking device, back-end and visualization system, simulation tools, and evaluation of the system.

1.4                                           SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1. This system replaces traditional farm into an intelligent
2. It Provide quicker and accurate information about different parameters to
3. System Required Low cost, asset saving and productive management in chicken
4. The smart monitoring of different parameter like temperature, light, humidity, gas etc by using wireless sensor

1.5                                                   SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Wireless communications and electronics have brought the vision of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) into reality which has increased the growth of low cost, low power and multi-functional sensors that are small in size and can communicate in short range. Each node consists of microcontrollers, memory and transceiver. The microcontrollers are used to execute task, data processing and assist the functionality of other components in the sensor node. For the memory, it is mainly used for data storage while the transceiver acts from the combination of transmitter and receiver functions.

1.6                                            APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Agricultural Monitoring

Agricultural monitoring always focuses mostly on poultry which is the focus of this work. Some studies define poultry monitoring as birds tracking [10] but the concept is the same. There are methodologies to be implemented in order to get through each phases well- defined for the entire life cycle [11]. The interaction between poultry animals and human has been developed and recognize for decades. The contribution of animals love, true-hearted and continuity live can provide positive impact on human physical and mental [12][13].

However, nowadays many animals lack proper treatment and there are also cases where these animals’ diseases are not detected. Therefore, it is important to have a monitoring system to monitor poultry animal behaviour and produce a report regarding their health or behaviour in real-time system.

There are many identification methods in monitoring animal health, but some of them either fail or lacking in and efficiency and also not user-friendly. The design of RFID-based Mobile Monitoring System (RFID-MMS) [14] helps users control animal behaviour and movement.

Monitoring system for poultry also contributes a big advantage to users especially farmers. [18] proposed and developed a poultry monitoring system which is web based application. They use Crossbow’s TelosB motes that can integrate with the sensors to measure the temperature and humidity of the chicken. At the end of the study, they obtain maximum distance of signal range up to 40 meter with 5% packet loss tolerable. From the result, they have concluded that the system is capable to detect the environment anomalies in the chicken farm. This type of monitoring is not only applied for poultry, but also for cattle monitoring [19] [20].

Habitat Monitoring

Habitat monitoring is one of the essential parts in environmental monitoring. Habitat means a place in which an animal or plant naturally grows or lives. Therefore, habitat monitoring is important to make sure their species autonomies and prevent any ecological disturbance for animals and plants. Pollution can cause negative impact to health and ecological balance. Therefore, it is important to manage a system that can monitor pollution so that it is under controlled. [21] develop a web- based graphical user interface to manage the data of pollution efficiently . The sensor nodes are used to read current sensor reading. At the end of the study, they manage to improve the performance of the sensors technology by gaining a stable communication even though the average lifetime of the sensors has declined due to the requirement of latency. In [22], they propose a system architecture for seabird nesting and behaviour monitoring. Instead of performing their research physically, by using the sensor nodes, now they are allowed to collect data online without disturbing the birds’ life and routine. From this study, the guidelines of habitat monitoring kit are created for the usage of other researchers and scientists in other fields.

There are also studies that present practical issues in the integration of sensors, actual power consumption rates and develop a practical hierarchical routing methodology. In order to get real-time information, it is impossible for people to collect the data at remote place. Thus, a real-time monitoring for unprotected habitat environmental monitoring are developed by [23]. They measure the environment temperature and compare it with the real temperature. This improves the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring system.

Furthermore, [24] present an application for water quality monitoring. It is built to monitor hardware and the visualization of data and then analyze the data using expert knowledge to perform auto control. This will ensure the quality level of the water. From the deployment results, it is proven to be a user-friendly system since it can send message to the user regarding unpredictable events that occur.

Indoor Living Monitoring

Sensor technologies for security in living monitoring have become one of the main options for people for safety indoor environment. It has provided many benefits to the user in terms of security. [25] implemented wireless sensor network for security system using Bluetooth technology. This system consists of relay nodes, control nodes and a control system that can be placed in a room in a building. The nodes are composed of a Bluetooth module, an RF daughter board, one UART port and a 4-bit on-off switch to emulate external inputs. When certain events happen, such as an intruder entering a security area illegally, the sensor and relay nodes will detect the events and report to the control nodes. Then, control nodes send the report to local security control system. From there, it replies ACK message to the corresponding nodes. In the end, they manage to develop applications program which can integrate the Bluetooth module with the HCI interface and also used tree topologies for network configuration and routing.

Furthermore, wireless home security system is also designed [26] to detect any intruder in the house. It uses motion sensor as the sensor node. When the motion sensor detects an intruder, it sends a report to the end node. The end node is linked with the computer at RS232 serial port, while the computer acts as user interface (UI) between user and system, while integrating the data with the user mobile phone too. After seconds, user will receive the information via short messaging system (SMS).

[27] design a detect intruder motion by using TMote Sky Platform as the sensor nodes. Unfortunately, during the development stage, many problems occur. The program cannot be compiled into the sensor and in the end, it reached the end of life. Therefore they have to analyze and recommend an alternative way for future work using other sensor modules such as Sun Small Programmable Object Technology (SunSPOT), ZigBee Technology and Sentilla. For power  supply,  they recommend the use of solar energy or rechargeable batteries rather than a disposable battery to save the environment.

There are also studies on fire detection in buildings [28] . The system provides real-time monitoring and alarm in the presence of fire, and also informs the exact location of that fire. It also distributes directions by continuously collecting, analyzing, and keeping real time information.

Greenhouse Monitoring

The greenhouse effect occurs when solar radiation which is sun heat, is trapped by the gases in the earth’s atmosphere and reflected back from the earth. Thus, it will heat the surface of earth and leads to global warming. Therefore, greenhouse monitoring system is important to ensure the stabilization of the environment. [29] develop greenhouse monitoring system using TinyOS as the based platform to measure and monitor environmental parameters including temperature, light and humidity. The sensor module used is SHT 15 and photovaristor as the light sensor while nesC as the programming language. The system collects, sends and controls the parameters information automatically and it is proven that the performance of the system is efficient as the user can colllect high precision data of the environment without any disturbance.

The implementation of greenhouse environment monitoring based on ZigBee wireless sensor network in [30] use oretical analysis and experimental test method to ensure system efficiency. It collects the humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration which are the parameters of greenhouse environmental parameters, and demonstrate the nodes and network coordinator communications, perform network stabilization, and compliance between theoretical data and real situations. The system is proven to be robust, reliable, and easy for user installation. The same studies in [31] implements wireless sensor network, ZigBee that can measure the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse. They manage to design low power consumption monitoring system by enhancing the stability of the system and extending sensor node working time.

Greenhouse monitoring system can also be web-based system (remote system) [32] to allow user access, control and monitor of greenhouse laboratory using Internet connection. The user, which are the students, manage to build their learning skills and improve their practical skills to develop and control the simulator laboratory as they can easily access to the system from their house. The system hardware is made up of several modules which are the essential part of the system such as the sensor board, processor board and console monitoring while the Sun SPOT devices are used as their software platforms for monitoring the temperature and measuring the light. The system gives benefits to the user as it can be accessed and controlled from everywhere using only web browser and it is also high reliable because it can submit report from the controlled objects.

Climate Monitoring

The climate change of the world nowadays have brought many effects such as the breaking of sea ice, increasing in sea water level, heat waves, glasier melting, lake temperature warming, and many more. Thus, in an effort to control and monitor the climate change, [33] develop a monitoring system that manages and keeps data in real time and focuses on the processing of spatiotemporal query. They are using spatial and existing temporal approach to assist spatiotemporal queries and keep sensor data and build a system for environmental monitoring sensor network. The incoming data is kept as a segment and labelled with timestamp if changes occur in the value of item.

The real-time data collected is displayed and the value of the segment is modified or new tuple is inserted to show the updated value after comparing the original values with the latest value in the database. They manipulate the segment-based method to keep the data stream and decrease the saved record without any data loss. From the query result, the accuracy of the system is improved and the method used can reduce handling cost.

Forest Monitoring

Forests are important sources for biodiversity and ecological balance. They provide many benefits and it is the main functions for water and soil conservation, genetic resources for plant and animal, and also source of wood supply and other forest goods. However, recently the green forest environment has been interrupted by non ethical activities such as illegal logging and also country development activities that decrease the benefits of the forest contribution.

Thus, in order to ensure long term forest autonomy, it is important to implement a monitoring system that is responsible in providing effective monitoring for forest environment [34]. Several studies have highlighted forest monitoring system [35][36]. Rather than using disposable batteries as power supplies,[37] use node solar power system and lithium-ion battery for power continuity and introduce the regulator control of the system method and design of software system briefly. Their system can improve the lithium-ion battery life to ensure business continuity of system. But for the implementation of solar power system, it still needs to redo the experimentation on the operation of charge and discharge control to make sure the control and estimation of battery power accuracy fulfil the system requirements.

Forest monitoring is not limited to environmental issues only, but it also includes fire monitoring and detection in forests [38][39][40][41]. We know that fire forest can lead to environmental degradable. Therefore, based on this awareness, [42] develop a framework on forest monitoring and fire detection which discovers sensor nodes deployment approach, an architecture for fire detection sensor network, interaction protocol of intra-cluster and inter-cluster. They develop a  simulator to perform simulation tests in order to examine the proposed system protocols and components. In the end, their system manages to provide effective and efficient operation that conserve less energy without disturbing the rapid reaction capability.

1.7                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.