Smart Fire Detection And Alarm System Using GSM Module

ABSTRACT

This work is on “smart fire detection and alarm system using GSM module”. Fire accident as an unplanned and undesirable event that can cause by many factors which can brings damages to social wealth and human life needs to be prevented at all cost. In order to prevent losses accrued from fire accidents, various alarm systems have been developed such as smoke detectors, temperature sensor based systems etc. With the advancement of technology more automated fire gadgets are now available among which is this design. The availability of GSM technology is now incorporated into the fire alarm system in order to combat and prevent the menace that could be caused by fire accident. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost- effective and reliable automated GSM based fire alarm system. The device will be able to monitor the temperature of the environment, the smoke level, send SMS alert to an inbuilt GSM number when necessary, and make loud sound to alert occupants on pending danger. This was achieved by the fabrication of 12 V power supply system that powers the device using step down transformer, programming Arduino Uno Microcontroller using C++ programming Language in the Arduino software platform, and integrating the program med Arduino Uno Microcontroller with GSM SIM900 module.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• REVIEW OF TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM DESIGN
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM PARTS
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM INITIATING DEVICES
• FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• LIST OF HARDWARE MATERIALS
• DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCK
• HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      RESULT AND DISCUSSION

• RESULT
• DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means everyone in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident, a fire alarm system is used.

A fire alarm system is describes as devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns [L. Zhang and G. Wang, 2009]. They can also be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators. Fire and smoke that spread within a building can be affected by various factors such as the geometry, dimension, layout and usage of the building. In order to prevent fire accident in a building, it is critical to detect fire at its early stage and nip it to the bud (O.H. Kwon, S.M. Cho, and S.M. Hwang, 2008).

A smart fire alarm system which is a wireless and SMS alerts device is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. A smart fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke via SMS.

Wireless fire alarm systems are an effective alternative to traditional wired fire alarm systems for all applications. They utilise licence-free radio communications to interconnect the sensors and devices (smoke detectors, call- points, etc.) with the controllers. It is a simple concept, which provides many unique benefits and is a full analogue addressable fire detection system without the need for cable [T. Nikola, 1898].

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

This device was invented to solve the problem of complex cabling and missing alarm of traditional fire alarm system, an intelligent fire alarm system based on GSM network is designed. Microcontroller is main control chip, and the remote alarming and data exchanging are achieved by using GSM module. By adopting smoke detector and temperature detector and using a variable threshold alert algorithm with temperature compensation, the accuracy of fire alarm is improved.

1.3                                AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion  using GSM SMS Alert system, it uses LM35 Temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing and 16×2 LCD is used to display temperature and Smoke Level. The objectives of the work are:

1. To build this device at lower cost
2. To interface microcontroller with GSM, LM35, MQ2 and LCD.

• To ensure security of our environment
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.

• . This device disconnects Electrical Supply as soon as Fire is detected.

1. Sends Fire Alert SMS with Temperature and Smoke Level to Given number.
2. Makes Loud Sound using buzzer to alert about fire. Uses Standard MQ2 Smoke Sensor and LM35 Temperature Sensor.

• This project is very useful for Monitoring of temperature, smoke level, It gives SMS Alert as soon as fire is detected. In this project GSM Modem, MQ-2, LM35 are main parts

1.5                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This work is on a GSM, microcontroller Based intelligent Fire detection and SMS Alert system, it uses LM35 Temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing and 16×2 LCD is used to display temperature and Smoke Level, Over limit set points are set inside the program you can modify it as per your requirements, It Sends SMS when set limits are crossed through GSM modem that is attached to Serial Rxd and Txd Pins, Set your mobile number inside the code in Send SMS subroutine. It generates Sound When Fire is detected for alerting.

1.6                                      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1. SMS based Fire Alarm system are very useful in remote locations where human interaction is limited. Such systems are useful in mines, industrial areas, factories etc.
2. Night Owl – We all know owls don’t sleep during night. SMS based Fire Alarm system helps to monitor locations and alert during fire that occurs in night time.
3. Quick Actions to shut down Fire – 90% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire detection. A fire attack is usually silent and people will know about fire only when it has spread across a large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to multiple mobile numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly. This helps to prevent major damages and losses created by a fire accident.

1.7                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.