Temperature And Water Requirement For Leaching of Caustic Alkalt From “NGU”
Leaching of caustic alkali from “NGU” involves a process that hinges on precise temperature and water conditions to ensure efficient extraction. Achieving optimal results demands a delicate balance between the temperature and water requirements. The extraction efficiency is notably influenced by the thermodynamics of the system, where higher temperatures generally enhance the dissolution kinetics. Additionally, an adequate amount of water is crucial for creating a conducive environment for the leaching reaction. The interplay between temperature and water content plays a fundamental role in determining the effectiveness of the caustic alkali leaching process from “NGU.” Careful manipulation of these parameters is essential to facilitate the dissolution of the alkali, promoting a controlled and efficient extraction process.
The production and analysis of “Ngu” extract for temperature and water requirement for leaching of casuistic alkali is the basic objective of this project. The production was carried out by using unit operations and also using the female inflorescence of a palm fruit (Eleasis Guineesis) as raw material.
The female inflorescence of palm fruit was size reduced from original dimensions to maintain particle size characteristics. The size reduced bunches were dried at room temperature and at normal atmospheric pressure; after which the sized reduced bunches were burnt at higher temperature. The cooled ashes were dissolved, filtered by using a sieve of mesh size and the filtered solution is the “Ngu” extract.
The pineapple content of the alkali leached from Ngu ash was potassium hydroxide. Material and energy balances, equipment sizing with recommended material of construction, costing and profitability analysis was done. It should however, be noted that a profitable project could be embarked upon if the equipments to be fabricated locally which also reduce foreign exchange being extended on the importation of potassium hydroxide.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SAMPLE
DEDICATION SAMPLE
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.2 Importance of potassium hydroxide
1.3 Objective of the product
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature survey
2.1 The oil palm tree and it’s origin
2.2 Varities of the oil palm
2.3 Basic raw materials obtained from the oil palm.
2.4 Factors influencing the rate of extraction.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 experimental procedure
3.1 leaching of sample
3.2 Determination of alkali (taken as koh) 3.3 quantityexperimental
3.3 Determination of water retained by ash after leaching
3.4 Analysis of ngu extract
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Experimental result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Leaching
5.3 Filtration
5.4 Evaporation
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Conclusion
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
Temperature and water requirement for leaching of caustic alkali from Ngu refers to the extraction of a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent. The process may be employed either for the production of a concentrated solution of a valuable solid material, or in order to free an insoluble solid from a soluble material with which it is contaminated.
The method used for the extraction will be determined by the proportion of soluble constituent present, its distribution throughout the solid, the nature of the solid and the partied size. The main constituent is usually potassium oxide which often comprises nearly 50% of the total weight of ash.
In this project, the major parameters that must be fixed or identified among other are the solvent used, the temperature and the leaching cycle. The main objective of this research was therefore to identify the suitable temperature and solvent (water) quantity required to give optimum result when alkali, taken as koH, is to be leached from Ngu ash.
IMPORTANCE OF POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
The need for chemical raw materials for most chemical industries has been on the increase, following the increase in the world population and man’s need for their products. These chemicals includes those used for diverse production such as production of soap, candle, margarine, plastics and other products.
The chemical raw materials includes sodium hydroxide (HaoH), potassium hydroxide (koH), calcium hydroxide (CaCoH2 ), sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (iv) among others, industrially, these chemicals are manufactured from various sources and through diverse chemical processes and reactions. These processes and reactions which these chemicals are produced are usually complex and requires a high cost of production.
As a result of this production, the prices of the chemicals are not affordable for the average production Engineer and as a result necessities of life as well as the ways of handling or producing them, the chemical engineer whose goal is to mocimize profit and save cost is now faced with many challenges.
The “Ngu” is locally obtained from the female palm inflorescence of oil palm tree. The large inflorescence (female) consists of a branched perides of numerous, unisexual regular flowers. The panicles which is subtended by a woody branch as sometimes referred to as the spadic. Usually the flowering occurs set the beginning of the dry season.
The “Ngu” as a source of chemical raw materials has not really gained an international recognition as a major source of alkali, as well be discovered I this analysis. But we are determined to put in our best in this research work with a view to unfolding all the desirable benefits with from Ngu extract, it is true that the uses of Ngu extract for soap production dated back to our forefathers but it was clear that they did not know what they were doing. Moreover the production processes were very crude obviously resulting to be very poor quality product.
Hydroxide of potassium is used in the production of detergents and miscellaneous chemicals which found use in laboratory and industries. Potassium salts are used in the preparation of fertilizer which makes it essential to plant and animal life. It is also used in production of glass, gunpowder, and fireworks.
OBJECTIVE OF THE PRODUCT
The basic objective of this project is to produce and analysis the “Ngu” solution obtained from palm oil tree with reference to temperature and water requirements.
This analysis involves forms of elements contained in Ngu via the female in florescence. This is done by carrying out quantities and qualitative analysis on the Ngu extract as contained in this project report.
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Temperature And Water Requirement For Leaching of Caustic Alkalt From “NGU”:
Leaching is a process used to extract a desired substance from a solid material by dissolving it in a liquid. In the context of extracting caustic alkali from a solid material known as “NGU” (assuming you are referring to a specific substance or material), the temperature and water requirements would depend on several factors, including the nature of NGU and the specific leaching process being used.
Here are some general considerations for temperature and water requirements in a leaching process:
Nature of NGU: The chemical and physical properties of NGU will play a significant role in determining the temperature and water requirements. The solubility of caustic alkali in water and its reactivity with water are important factors to consider.
Temperature: Temperature can affect the rate of dissolution in a leaching process. Higher temperatures generally increase the solubility of substances in water and can accelerate the leaching process. However, using excessively high temperatures may not be practical or energy-efficient, so the optimal temperature will depend on the specific circumstances.
Water Requirement: The amount of water required for leaching will depend on the desired concentration of caustic alkali in the leachate and the stoichiometry of the reaction. In some cases, excess water may be required to ensure efficient mixing and contact between the solid NGU and the liquid. Water quality and purity may also be a consideration to prevent contamination.
Reaction Kinetics: The kinetics of the leaching reaction, including the rate at which caustic alkali dissolves in water, should be considered. This can vary depending on temperature, pressure, and the presence of other chemicals or additives.
Environmental and Safety Considerations: It’s important to consider the environmental and safety aspects of the leaching process. Caustic alkali solutions can be highly corrosive and require proper handling and containment.
To determine the specific temperature and water requirements for leaching caustic alkali from NGU, you would need to conduct laboratory experiments or consult relevant literature or experts in the field. The optimal conditions may vary depending on the specific NGU material and the goals of the leaching process. Additionally, it’s essential to follow safety guidelines and regulations when working with caustic substances.