The Design And Construction Of 2.5KW Stabilizer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATION

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLE

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

• THE TRANSFORMER UNIT
• THE CONTROL CIRCUITING

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

• HISTORY OF THE PROJECT
• THE POWER SUPPLY
• THEORY OF TRANSFORMER
• OPERATION OF THE TRANSFORMER
• VOLTAGE TRANSFORMATION RATION
• TRANSFORMER LOSSES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     THE CONTROL CIRCUITING

• TRANSISTORS
• RELAY
• THE CONTROL UNIT
• THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
• VOLTAGE DIVIDER

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     DESIGN ANALYSIS

• DESIGN FO A TRANSFORMER
• DESIGN OF THE TRANSFORMER PROPER
• CONTROL CIRCUIT DESIGN
• DESIGN CALCULATION
• PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF THE TRANSFORMER

• SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
• TESTING OF THE TRANSFORMER
• OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATIONS
• REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Block diagram representation of the voltage stabilizer

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     The Sheel Type Transformer

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Circuit Diagram of 1.5 KVA Automatic Voltage Stabilizer

• Transistor Diagram
• Relay Diagram
• Block diagram for a typical power supply with corresponding Wve form for each stage
• Exact circuit diagram for the power supply stage have the automatic voltage stabilizer
• Block diagram of voltage divider

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Schematic representation of the transformer with different voltage level.

• Size of the lamination used for the design and construction of the transformer
• Graph of (Max) against VCB
• The comparator circuit diagram

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Short circuit test

• Open circuit test
• Casing diagram

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of an AC Automatic Voltage Stabilizer.It is designed to meet up with the AC voltage safety, stability and accuracy demand in industries and in homes. Voltage stabilizers are useful in devices such as computer Power supplies, alternators and central power station generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of the plant. In an electric power distribution system, voltage regulators may be installed at a substation or along distribution lines so that all customers receive steady voltage independent of how much power is drawn from the line.

An AC Automatic voltage stabilizer is designed to automatically maintain a constant AC voltage level. An AC Voltage Stabilizer may be a simple “feed-forward” design or may include negative feedback control loops. It makes use an electromechanical mechanism, and other electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC voltages.

This project is designed to stabilize an AC input voltage of 160-250V to give an AC output voltage of 220V at 50Hz automatically. The automatic feature can be achieved by the electronics devices used such voltage comparator IC, electro-magnetic device (relay), auto- transformer and other electronics devices.
In this project, 2.5KW was designed to control and stabilize an AC input voltage of 160-250V to produce an output of 220V all at 50Hz.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

There are many fundamental different types of stabilizers in use some of which are electron mechanically tap changer, solid state tap changer etc. voltage, stabilizer came into being not by normal design and plain, but as a means of solving electrical “Crisis” situation.  This crisis situation does rarely occur in developed countries of the world such as Britain, American, Germany etc, why?

Their system of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity is such that a devoid of variation of fluctuation in  the supplied voltage.  Now, by the definition given by K.G Jackson and R. Feinberg, a voltage stabilizer is a piece device incorporated in a circuit to maintain a constant output voltage from a poorly generated power supply.  A voltage stabilizer like any other piece of equipment is a combination of many electrical and like any other piece of equipment is a combination of many electrical and electronic and circuit with the aim of getting the assemble to perform a specified desired task or function.

Therefore a voltage stabilizer consist for four basic unit

1. The transformer unit
2. The control circuit
3. The protective system
4. The display of monitor (which is optional)

1.1     THE TRANSFORMER UNIT

          Thereja B.L. defined a transformer as static piece of apparatus by means of which electric power is one circuit is transformed into power 7 some frequency in another circuit.  The power can either be raised or covered.  If it is referred to as a step-up transformer but if it is lowered, it is referred to as a step transformer being the one applicable to this project work.

1.2     THE CONTROL CIRCUITRY

          This is bike an integrated circuit hat is made of microscopically small transistors, diodes, resistors and components connected together.  It is used as complete and is amplifier, voltage amplifier is a compactors connected together.  It is used as a complete audio amplifier, voltage amplifier is or compactors to mention just a few of its application.  An operational amplifier (op. Amp) is widely sued type of IC, which is designed to manipulate very differences in voltage.  The op-amp does the same work has comparative simply because it compares two voltages and provide and output signal when one is bigger.

1.3     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

          Most electrical appliance this day highly sophisticated to the entreated that cases of intermittent or regular power outages, under voltages or over voltages are not tolerate in them.  The initial outlay and the cost or repair (in case of damage) are so economical that is means of maintain steady or regulated a.c power supply to these expensive appliance/equipment must sought for.

The cost of purchasing some already made imported voltage stabilizer is enormous.  Not readily available in our local markets while importing them requires high foreign exchange, the sown tunes is also much before, there is need to embark on this project work the design and construction automatic voltage stabilizer any form of voltage fluctuating (under voltage or over voltage) from the NEPA mains supply to domestic and industrial consumer premise.  It  is also one of the objectives of this project work that cost comparison between the imported or factory assembled voltage stabilizer e.g SORTEX OR BINATONE products and a locally fabricated voltage stabilizer be embarked on and that work be done on this project in order to finally produce a device that would perform optimally and also relatively cheaper.