The Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials Complete Project Material (PDF/DOC)
Wood has historically been a primary raw material for pulp, paper, and fiber-based products. However, the escalating demand for wood in construction, furniture, fuel, charcoal, and other industries, coupled with concerns about deforestation and wood scarcity in many regions, has spurred interest in exploring non-wood alternatives for paper production. This study aims to investigate plantain stem fiber as a viable substitute for traditional paper through the kraft process. Plantain stem fibers were collected, cut into smaller pieces, and treated with varying concentrations of NaOH + H2O (0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M, 2.0M) at 60°C for one hour. Once the fibers turned brown, they were blended into pulp, poured into molds, and dried to produce plantain fiber paper. The results revealed that adjusting the NaOH concentration yielded varying dry paper masses (15.4g, 15.2g, 15.0g, 14.4g) and pulp yields (15.6g, 15.0g, 14.8g, 14.6g) respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of plantain stem fiber as a sustainable alternative source for paper production.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials and its relevance, states the research problems, research questions, and objectives, provides a background of the study, and should also include the research hypothesis.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The chapter presents a review of related literature that supports the current research on the Utilization Of Plantain Stem Fibre For Making Wrapping Materials, systematically identifying documents with relevant analyzed information to help the researcher understand existing knowledge, identify gaps, and outline research strategies, procedures, instruments, and their outcomes…
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGUERS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.4 Significance of the Work
1.5 The Scope of work
CHAPTER TWO : LITEERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Studies related to banana fibres
2.2 Studies related to pre-treatments
2.3 Paper and Pulp Industry in Nigeria
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.0 Materials used
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Procedure
3.3.1 Collection and preservation of fibre
3.3.2 Pre-Treatment of Plantain Stems
3.3.3 Extraction of Fibre
3.3.4 Drying of plantain fibers
3.3.5 Cooking of plantain stem fibre
3.3.6 Blending of Boiled Fiber
3.3.7 Mold and Deckle
3.4 Process of pulping and paper making
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Plantain Fiber
4.1 Results of Physical Analysis
4.1.1 Grams of Fibre used and amount of paper produced
4.1.2 Time of boiling and fineness of paper
4.1.3 Amount of water used and time for drying
4.1.4 Time for blending and the smoothness of the paper
4.2 Results of Chemical Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendation
REFERENCE
APPENDICES
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