Role Of Women In Tackling Corruption In Nigeria

This study was carried out to examine the role of women in tackling corruption in Nigeria . Specifically, the study aims to examine whether women have a role in fighting corruption in Nigeria, establish the efforts of the Nigerian government to encourage women in fighting corruption in Nigeria and investigate whether women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 141 responses were validated from the survey. From the responses obtained and analyzed, the findings revealed that women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria. The study thereby recommends that the government considers increasing the leadership spaces that women occupy in all levels of governance in all relevant sectors and in crucial parliamentary and senate committees. Passing of the 2/3 gender bill by parliament will be a great step towards this realization.

Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study

The changing impact of corruption in Nigeria is felt by every man in the country. The most fragile social layer is poor households and small firms. Corruption in this sector of economy reduces any chances to increase human investment and capital. Cases of corruption in Nigeria are widely associated with poor public finance management. The increasing number of barriers from public provisions decreases the ability to do business. Foreign direct investment sector has significantly decreased in the last decade. Foreign investments can provide real growth of GDP and jobs in Nigeria. Still, investors do not like the idea of spending even one cent in vain. Corruption in Nigeria is associated with low standards of living. We should be reminded that Nigeria is the richest oil country in West Africa. Still, for more than half a century of its independence - Nigeria has not become an oil miracle. Most of the resources of the country are located in the hands of several hundred families. They live in luxury. Other Nigerians live in poverty. About 80% of Nigerians are poor by the international standards of living. Effect of corruption in Nigeria hits the low layers of the population. People have to survive in the country where rules can be omitted if you have money. There is inadequacy in the distribution resources in Nigeria. This brings about decrease in the standard of living. The middle-class that should form the majority of the population has no significant effect on politics. The gap between the poorest and the wealthiest citizens is extremely wide.

For corruption to be totally eradicated in Nigeria women need to actively involved and make sure they play an active role in the anti-economic and financial crimes sector, they need to be mainstreamed into the process. Mainstreaming women is the process of taking cognizance of the implications for women of any planned action, including legislation, policies and programs in all areas and at all levels. It is a system used to ensure women"s issues and input non-negotiable parts of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programs. Like in other areas of social interaction, women could be more active in the mainstream of the anti-economic and financial crimes crusade (AEFCC) in Nigeria.

World Bank conducted a study about 150 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia and it revealed that "there is a link between higher representation of women in government and lower levels of corruption." Also, in a study, conducted by Transparency International and using 60,000 households in over 60 countries in the world, it was revealed that "women do not pay bribes unlike the findings of men that proved otherwise." But even as it would seem that women are less likely than men to engage in corruption (whether as bribe-takers or -givers), a United Nations Development Fund for Women (Unifem) it was observed that "women are more vulnerable to the impact of corruption than men particularly in public service.

The fight against corruption needs to become more proactive. Such acts should be prevented. Prevention as they say is better than cure. Modalities should be put in place in the form of advocacy and counselling. This is an area where women can play a vital role. As mothers, guardians and nurturers, women can socialize children and young adults to shun corruption. This can be done by encouraging children to be honest in their dealings with their peers, seniors and juniors, and not be in possession of any property which does not belong to them. These are the leaders of tomorrow, and if they imbibe these ideals early, corruption could be prevented.

Cultural values in mainstreaming are particularly relevant for women in fighting against corruption because many cultural practices in Nigeria favour the exclusion of women. If one tries to keep close tab on cultural values, many stakeholders would have the opportunity to point out the desired improvements. For example, in many "cultures" in Nigeria, women do not have any say. It is an extension of this reasoning that makes many communities exclude women from getting involved in women fighting against corruption processes. Conferences, seminars, symposia and especially the machinery of the National Orientation Agency (NOA) could help disabuse the minds of Nigerians of some of these unprogressive beliefs about women. Areas to be addressed in these workshops, seminars, symposia and conferences include a gender-neutral language. In the midst of this cacophony of issues relating to our age-long cultural values, the involvement of women in fight against corruption becomes necessary.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

It is a glaring truth that corruption has adverse effect on human capital development and education. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more women to get involved in leadership in order for the country to experience a new bright side of life. Currently, corruption is eating deep into the fabric of the nation, only women, who are not criminally minded, will eradicate corruption and stabilize Nigeria. The problem now is how, where and when to find such credible candidates in the nation. The fight against corruption in the country is a collective by all and not to be left with women alone. The fight should begin from every home, women must out of no the time to inculcate the right values and attitudes into their children, teach them when to fight for their rights and be transparent in all what they are doing at any particular point in time. This study will investigate the role of women in a tackling corruption in Nigeria.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The broad objective of this study is to investigate the role of women in a tackling corruption in Nigeria. The specific objectives include:

To examine the prevalence of women role in fighting corruption in Nigeria

To establish the efforts of the Nigerian government to encourage women in fighting corruption in Nigeria

To investigate the effects of women in fighting corruption on the development of Nigeria

1.4 Research Questions

This research will be carried out to answer the following research questions:

Do women have a role in fighting corruption in Nigeria?

What are the efforts of the Nigerian government to encourage women in fighting corruption in Nigeria?

Does women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria

1.5 Research Hypothesis

The following hypothesis have been formulated for this study

H0: women fighting corruption do not contributes to the development of Nigeria

HA: women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria

1.6 Significance of the Study

Findings from the study will be of great importance to the judiciary arm of government in the area of carrying out their primary functions and also benefit the EFCC by openly showing how far people have rated them in their fight against corruption in the country and show them how to carry women along in their fight against corruption. It will also serve as a foundation on which further research can be made.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study will examine whether women have a role in fighting corruption in Nigeria. The study will also establish the efforts of the Nigerian government to encourage women in fighting corruption in Nigeria. Lastly, the study will investigate whether women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria.

1.8 Limitation of the Study

Financial Constraint

Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time Constraint

The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.9 Definitions of Terms

The following terms were used in the course of this study:

Corruption:

This is a form of dishonest or unethical conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal benefit.

EFCC:

Economic Financial Crimes Commission

Woman:

The female human being, as distinguished from a girl or a man.

1.10 Organization of the Study

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary

In this study, our focus was on the role of women in tackling corruption in Nigeria. The study specifically was aimed at highlighting whether women have a role in fighting corruption in Nigeria, establish the efforts of the Nigerian government to encourage women in fighting corruption in Nigeria and investigate whether women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria. A total of 141 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are drawn from resident of Lagos state.

5.2 Conclusion

Based on the finding of this study, the following conclusions were made:

Women have a role in fighting corruption in Nigeria?

The efforts of the Nigerian government to encourage women in fighting corruption in Nigeria are Involving women in governance, encouraging women to take up some leadership role and encouraging women to join the security agency

Women fighting corruption contributes to the development of Nigeria

5.3 Recommendation

Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:

That the government considers increasing the leadership spaces that women occupy in all levels of governance in all relevant sectors and in crucial parliamentary and senate committees. Passing of the 2/3 gender bill by parliament will be a great step towards this realization.

All law enforcing agencies mandated to fight corruption should uphold their independence and deal with implicated individuals without fear or favor by following the rule of law to the letter. This will help rebuild trust in government institutions and more importantly make corruption an expensive affair to engage in.

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