Design And Construction Of An Ultrasonic Lighting System

ABSTRACT

This work is on ultrasonic lighting system. This device is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area via lighting. Ultrasonic lighting system forms a vital component of automated lighting control. Its use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well. Many people place ultrasonic lighting system in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      OVERVIEW OF THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR

2.2     THE ROLE OF SENSORS IN YOUR HOME SECURITY

2.3      TYPES OF ULTRASONIC SENSORS

2.4       APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC SENSORS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5      COMPONENTS LIST

3.6     DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      CONSTRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4     TESTING

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION
Lighting is responsible for over one fifth of the energy produced around the world. With over 3.5 hours of energy needed every year, adding sensors to save even a few percent of consumption would eliminate the need for hundreds of power stations and millions of metric tons of carbon emissions.

lighting system aims to do just that, adding sensors to the not-so-humble light bulb to help reduce the global power bill and to provide security in our environments. As the world moves from the power hungry incandescent bulb and inflexible fluorescent tube to more efficient LED lighting, there are more opportunities to control lighting depending on changes in the environment.

There are many ways to do this with a wide range of different sensors. Some of these approaches can be as simple as a photodiode or as complex as ultrasonics and there are many different ways to implement such systems. There are also moves to bring such systems together and develop open standards that drive the lighting system.

The ultrasonic lighting is not only used for lighting but also used in many applications like home automation system, energy efficiency system, intruder alarm etc. The ultrasonic detector will detect the motion of the people or objects and give the appropriate output according to the circuit. In general, motion detector uses different types of sensors like Passive infrared sensor (which will detect the motion of the person using the person body heat), microwave sensor (Microwave sensor will detect the motion of person by measuring the change in frequency from the produced beam), ultrasonic sensor (It produces acoustic signals which will detect the motion of a person) etc.  There are some motion detectors which will use different technology and include number of sensors, which ultrasonic sensor is one of them, to reduce the false triggering and increase the accuracy in detection.

In this work, an ultrasonic sensor was used. Ultrasonic sensors with a detection range of four meters monitor the entire width of each aisle. One sensor is aligned crosswise to the pathway and detects the forklift truck as it passes through the entrance. The other sensor is positioned at an angle and scans the area in front. Using the output trigger sequence, it is possible to determine the direction in which the truck is driving, and switch the lighting on or off as required. The required switch points can be set quickly and accurately in real-time conditions on site via teach-in buttons.

The heart of a an ultrasonic  lighting system is the sensor. Detecting changes in light and environment is a key part of developing a power-efficient lighting system for homes, offices and the outside environment.

1.2                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The first ultrasonic sensor was invented in the early 1950s by Samuel Bango, and which was a burglar alarm. He applied the fundamentals of a radar to ultrasonic waves – a frequency to detect fire or thief and that which human beings cannot hear. Samuel ultrasonic sensor is based on the principle of Doppler Effect. Nowadays, most of the ultrasonic sensor work on the principle of Samuel Bango’s detector. IR sensors and microwave sensors can detect motion by the alterations in the frequencies they emit.

ultrasonic sensor are used as security systems in banks, offices and shopping malls, and also as intruder alarm in home. The prevailing motion detectors can stop serious accidents by sensing the persons who are in close proximity to the detector. We can observe ultrasonic sensor in shopping malls or stores with automatic doors. The main element in the ultrasonic sensor circuit is the dual infrared reflective sensor or any other detecting sensor.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is construct a detecting device that is use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well. Many people place ultrasonic device in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

An ultrasonic sensor is the top dog of your security system, because it is the main device that detects when someone is in your home when they should not be. A ultrasonic sensor uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area. If a sensor is tripped, a signal is sent to your security system’s control panel, which connects to your monitoring center, alerting you and the monitoring center to a potential threat in your home.

Even if clouds of mist form or frost develops, the ultrasonic sensors guarantee reliable operation. The sound pulses detect objects regardless of their shape and color. The compact design and versatile mounting base enable simple, space-saving mounting with optimal alignment. The noncontact devices are completely maintenance-free. Adopting a needs-based lighting concept such as this allows considerable savings – and not just in terms of power. Because the lamps have a long service life, maintenance intervals can be significantly extended.

1.5                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of ultrasonic lighting system is to sense person’s movement then lighten the environment the movement was detected.

Its use is to illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or she can see well. Many people place ultrasonic lighting system in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

ultrasonic lighting system stand guard, ready to react to various situations, such as movement in your living room, windows or doors being opened or closed, or a broken window. Thus, ultrasonic lighting system lights are very popular and being increased in use. Businesses use them all the time such as for bathrooms, when a person walks in, the lights turn on. Or many times they are used in grocery stores for when you pass through an aisle or open up a refrigerator door in the freezer aisles. The applications are numerous.

Ultrasonic lighting system can:

• Alert you in the event that your teen breaks curfew
• Trigger a doorbell when someone approaches the front door
• Alert you when kids enter restricted areas in the home, like the basement, workout room, or medicine cabinet
• Save energy by using motion sensor lighting in unoccupied spaces
• Notify you if pets enter areas where they’re not supposed to be

1.7                                             LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

Ultrasonic lighting system has some problem:

1. it has a limited distance to detect the motion
2. if a ultrasonic lighting system for the automatic door is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the door open.
3. It cannot detect the small objects such as insects or raindrop.
4. Things may trigger the motion detector that you don’t want to. An outside detector mounted too close to a light that stays on at night, will be triggered continuously by bugs.
5. The set shutoff time of the motion sensor may be too short (maybe only 30 seconds). For outside lights with a ultrasonic sensor, if you want more “on time”, it’s best to buy a model with an adjustable shutoff time.
6. The reliability of an ultrasonic sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a ultrasonic sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.

1.8                                              PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

Certain variables, such as target surface angle, changes in temperature and humidity, and reflective surface roughness, can affect the operation of the sensors.

 1.8                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an ultrasonic lighting system In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an ultrasonic lighting system were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of ultrasonic lighting system In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.