Characterization Of Pervious Concrete Using Ceramic Dust And Different Curing Temperatures

ABSTRACT

There is a growing interest in using waste materials such as ceramics as alternative aggregate materials for construction. While other ceramic product wastes such as sanitary wares and electrical insulators have been extensively investigated, not much findings are available on ceramic wall and floor tiles wastes. In this study, the effect of different curing temperature processes on the 1, 3, 7 and 28-day compressive strength and 28-day water absorption ratios of concrete mixtures were investigated. All mortar mixtures were prepared according to ASTM C109. The water/cement ratio, sand/binder ratio and flow values of mortar mixture were kept constant as 0.485, 2.75 and 25±2 cm, respectively. Polycarboxylate ether based high range water reducing admixture was used for providing desired flow value. All mortar mixtures were cured at fresh state in a curing room under same conditions (Temperature of 20˚C and Relative humanity (RH) of 95%) during 24 hours from casting. Then, specimens were subjected to 6 different water-curing conditions. According to test results, the 3-day compressive strength of mixtures cured in water having temperature of 40ºC was higher than that of mixtures cured at 20ºC in water. At early ages, the high curing temperature negatively affected the 7 and 28-day compressive strength of mixtures. Specimens cured in water at 20ºC and 40ºC had the highest and lowest 28-day compressive strengths, respectively. Different curing conditions had not significant effect on the 28-day water absorption ratios of mortar mixtures.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• AIM OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• ADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
• DISADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
• APPLICATIONS OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
• OVERVIEW OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)
• MATERIALS USED FOR SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
• TESTS AND PROPERTIES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• MATERIAL AND METHOD

CHAPTER FOUR

• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE

    1.0                                         INTRODUCTION

As it is known, curing conditions affect strength and durability of concrete seriously as well as sufficient workability, consistency and effective compacting. The permeability, which is the main parameter affecting concrete durability, is directly influenced by curing conditions. The water in concrete should be prevented from moving away in order to form the hydration reactions that occur in the process of gaining strength of concrete. For this purpose, concrete should be protected by performing surface irrigation or similar methods before gaining strength [1-3].

Concrete properties such as strength behaviour, water permeability, permeability of Cl and CO2, crack characteristic are influenced by curing regimes [4-9], curing time [4-6, 10-13], curing temperature [11, 13-17] and humidity [18-20]. Some related studies are summarized below:

The effect of accelerated curing on early age compressive and flexural strengths of mortars containing fly ash in different quantities was investigated by Yazici and Sezer [21], consequently, it has been determined that strength loss, that occurred under standard curing conditions at early ages due to addition of fly ash, can be compensated by hot water curing. Bingol and Tohumcu [1] investigated the effect of different curing conditions (air curing, water curing and steam curing) on the compression strength of self-compacting concretes including silica fume and fly ash. According to the test results, mixture containing silica fume and cured in water showed the highest compressive strength.

1.1                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Ceramic products are part of the essential construction materials used in most buildings. Some common manufactured ceramics include wall tiles, floor tiles, sanitary ware, household ceramics and technical ceramics. They are mostly produced using natural materials that contain high content of clay minerals. However, despite the ornamental benefits of ceramics, its wastes among others cause a lot of nuisance to the environment. As a general note, Omole and Isiorho [1] reported the devastating influence of solid wastes in the Nigerian community. Ceramic wastes are separated into two categories in accordance with the source of raw materials [2]. One category is formed through generated fired ceramic wastes by structural ceramic factories that use only red pastes for product (brick, blocks and roof tiles) manufacture. The second encompasses fired ceramic wastes which are produced in stoneware ceramic (wall, floor tiles and sanitary ware). Meanwhile during ceramic production, studies have shown that about 30% of the material goes to wastes [3,4], and currently they are not beneficially utilized. This attests to the need for exploring innovative ways of re-using ceramic wastes. Aggregates constitute about 70% of total constituents in concrete production. The cost is increasing as a result of high demand from rural and urban communities. Numerous researchers have identified ceramics as having the potential to replace natural aggregates [5,6]. Some investigations have suggested that ceramic wastes are good materials which could substitute conventional aggregates in concrete [7–9]. The influence of ceramic tiles wastes on the structural properties of concrete made using laterite was recently investigated [10]. It was reported that ceramic based laterized concrete performed considerably well when compared to the conventional concrete. Overall, ceramic waste utilization can solve problems of aggregate shortages in various construction sites. Moreover it can reduce environmental problems related to aggregate mining and waste disposal. However, most of the previous investigations were carried out using sanitary ware and electrical insulator ceramics, with not much information as regards the use of ceramic floor and wall tiles. Thus, there is a need to explore the usability of ceramic floor and wall tiles, because these ceramic products are produced at different temperatures which invariably determine their microstructures. Consequently, the current study explores the mechanical characterization of concrete made using ceramic floor and wall tiles wastes from construction and demolition sites as partial replacement of natural aggregates.

1.2                                                      AIM OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this work is to determine the characterization of using waste materials such as ceramics as alternative aggregate materials for construction under different curing temperatures.

1.3                                    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This investigation is a part of an extensive study that examines the effect of water curing temperature change on some hardened properties of ceramic. For this aim, prepared mortar mixtures were cured in a curing room under same conditions (having temperature of 20˚C and RH of 95%) during 24 hours from casting. Then, the mortar specimens were removed from mold and were cured in water under different temperature conditions until testing day.

Seven different curing processes with curing temperature of 20 and 40˚C were applied. The effect of curing processes on the 1, 3, 7 and 28-day compressive strength and 28-day water absorption capacity of mortar mixtures were investigated.

1.5                                              OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

At the end of this study, the effect of different curing temperature processes on the 1, 3, 7 and 28-day compressive strength and 28-day water absorption ratios of cement mixtures were investigated.

1.6                                             LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

In this work, the effect of different curing temperature processes only on the 1, 3, 7 and 28-day compressive strength and 28-day water absorption ratios of concrete mixtures and the specimens cured in water at 20ºC and 40ºC

1.7          ADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

The main advantages of self compacting concrete are:

1. The permeability of the concrete structure is decreased
2. SCC enables freedom in designing concrete structures
3. The SCC construction is faster
4. The problems associated with vibration is eliminated
5. The concrete is placed with ease, which results in large cost saving
6. The quality of the construction is increase
7. The durability and reliability of the concrete structure is high compared to normal concrete structures
8. Noise from vibration is reduced. This also reduce the hand arm vibration syndrome issues

1.8  DISADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

SCC construction faces the following limitations:

1. There is no globally accepted test standard to undergo SCC mix design
2. The cost of construction is costlier than the conventional concrete construction
3. The use of designed mix will require more trial batches and lab tests
4. The measurement and monitoring must be more precise.
5. The material selection for SCC is more stringent

1.9    APPLICATIONS OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

The major applications of self compacting concrete are:

1. Construction of structures with complicated reinforcement
2. SCC is used for repairs, restoration and renewal construction
3. Highly stable and durable retaining walls are constructed with the help of SCC
4. SCC is employed in the construction of raft and pile foundations

1.10                                       PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS

The following important findings were obtained regarding materials and experiments in this study:

1. The 3-day compressive strength of mixtures cured in water having temperature of 40ºC was higher than that of mixtures cured in water having temperature of 20ºC. However, the high curing temperature at early ages affected the compressive strengths of 7 and 28 days This negative effect is thought to be caused by the formation of an inhomogeneous and pore structure due to the higher curing temperature at early age.
2. The highest and lowest 28-day compressive strengths were determined on specimens cured in 20ºC and 40ºC water for 27 days,

• The changing of curing temperature had no remarkable effect on 28-day water adsorption capacity of the