A Comprehensive Practical Presentation Of An Ideal Road Dualization Plan With Drainage And Illumination Facilities And Assessment Of The Acceptability Scope Of Road Dualization In Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page- – – – – — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – i

Approval page- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –  – – – – – ii

Dedication- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -iii

Acknowledgement  – – – – – – – – – –  – –  – – – – – – – – – -iv

Abstract- – – – – – – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -v

Table of content- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

• Introduction- – — – – – — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -1-2
  • Background of the Study- – – – – – – – – – – – – — -3-4
  • Objective of the study- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4-5
  • Significance of the Research- – – – – – – – – – – – – 5-6
  • Scope of the Research– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -6-7
  • Research Hypothesis- – – – –  – – – – — – – – – – – – – 7
  • Research Question- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8
  • Limitation of the Study- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –9
  • Research Areas- – — – – – – – – – — – – – – – – – – -9-11
  • Definitions of Terms- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – — 11-12

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

• Brief Introduction– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -13-14
  • Concept of road Dualization- – – – – – – – – – – – – – -14
  • Objectives or goals of road Dualization- – — – – 15
  • Resources for road Dualization- – – — – – – – – – – -16
  • Types of road Dualization- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -16
  • Combination of the 2 and type 3 dual carriage road– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -20
  • Diamentional And specification for road dualization – – – – – – – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -22
  • Maginifial type 1,2,3 dual carriage- – – – – – – – – – 23

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

• Introduction- – — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 24
  • Road dualization architectural Plan- – — – – – – -24-25
  • Source of data- – – – – – — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 26
  • Primary data- — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 26-27
  • Secondary data- – – – –  – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – -28
  • Research instrument- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -28
  • Viability of research instrument- – – – – – – – – – – -28
  • Method data analysis- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -29

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS.

• Data presentation – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -30-32
  • Test of research Questions- – – – – – – – – – – – -32-35
  • Research findings and Discussion-  – – – – – – – 35-36

CHAPTER FIVE: RESEARCH SUMMARY, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 Research Result Summary- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -37

5.1 Conclusion- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 38

5.2 Recommendation- – – – — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -39

5.3 Reference- – – – – – – – – – – –  – – – – – – – – – – – – – -40

ABSTRACT

This practical research is focused on a comprehensive practical presentation of an ideal architectural plan of road dualization in Nigeria and an assessment on the acceptability scope of Nigeria about road dualization in Nigeria. A case study of Imo state. The researcher firstly pointed out his research aims, problems encountered and relevance of the research in introductory chapter. He presented with illustration a detailed road dualization plan with drainage, land scope and illumination facilities. Subsequently he extracted all basic information about road dualization which he presented in his literature review. The researchers’ research instrument is the use of well structured questionnaire. A total number of two hundred and seventy were distributed to structured road construction Engineer in the 27 local Governments. All the questionnaires were retrieved and statistically analyzed. Research finding exposed that road dualization project in Imo State is executed with wrong specification and without dualization component. More so people see road dualization as a project that vandalizes their property and entries in to their statutory right to own ancestral land, finally the researcher was able to make basic recommendation.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The need for road dualization is in an increase in undeveloped countries as most urban cities are undergoing development as to get urbanized. Charles efl 2001 is of the view that the need to overcome traffic congestion and to achieve environment sustainability gives rise to alarming element for road dualization in Nigeria. Road dualization is a form of road reconstruction that involves the practical creation of two road lanes with lane demarcation, pedestrian lane, surface drainage facilities and ground water erosion control devices. (Principles of construction Engineering 2005). Clifford Adam 2008 stated that a view to prevent road accident, achieve urban and rural area traffic control and to protect pedestrians gives rise to road dualization as to solve problems. Road dualization assures different dimension but the specification are controlled by certain factors such as available of fund, existing technology, state of the economy based on development etc. The presence of road dualization is an indication of road rehabilitation which the government and the politicians embark upon as an active indication of development in the form of infrastructure and social amenity improvement. The process of road dualization if executed  following wrong steps and construction specification will yield the structural construction poorly  dualized road that suffers road dualization

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Road dualization can be efficient carried out if the desired functionaries are employed in the work to dualize road based on the specifications designed for TYPE 2, TYPE 2 Dual carriage ways and Type 3 dual carriage ways. Clifford Adam 2005 outline the new road can be dualised during construction but are an old road lacking any form of  dualization  can be dualized under road reconstruction with irrigation control device, land space concept and road illustration factors. However the basic structure road construction specification for the construction of newly dualized roads is very different but not both are aimed at creating dual carriage ways.

Aharanwa k.o 2008 outline that a basic strength of road construction material are required and should be met before road dualization can be achieve irrespective of the type and form that is concerned.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at the following.

• To identify the types and forms of road dualization.
• To identify the basic structure specification that are require for the achievement of road dualization at all capacities.
• To evaluate the acceptability and suitability of road dualization application to Nigeria roads.
• To come up with the road dualization type that is suitable to Nigeria roads.
• To identify the impacts of road duslization in Nigeria

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Road construction and reconstruction are conducted but later demolished following the inception of new government due to unstable government and adoption unapproved road construction and dualization specification which amounts to economic waste but this study will draw individual, structural Engineer, developes, industrialist and government to the basic and indispensible light and facts that can lead to the projection of structurally approved road dualization plan that can produce safe dualized road standard that can   suit the taste of time. This study will go a long way to provide the existence of dualized roads that can control all forms of traffic congestion and road accident. The ideal of road duslization without drainage land scope identify and road illumination technology will be carried along in Nigeria.

Nigerians see road dualization as project that operate with negative attributes with inconveniences, people through vegetation destruction, and displacement of people from their ancestries homes etc, will be corrected. Specfically structural road construction engineer will be predisposed to the universally approved road construction specifications that yield better construction dividends.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study in terms of spatial scope covers two states with special consideration to Owerri Municipal, Orlu, Okigwe, Mbaise, Obowo, Ikeduru, Nwaorieubi, Uguta, Oru, Mbano, Obinze, Okpak, Emekuku. In terms academic justification scope center around, a comprehensive presentation of the ideal road dualization specification with drainage facility and the evaluation of the acceptability of road dualizetion in Nigeria.

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The research hypothesis applied to this research study are two namely,

1. Null hypothesis designed by

HA    =   HA

HA          HA

This is interpreted as road dualization is constructed with the ideal specifications and it is accepted with good hearth in Nigeria.

1. iv) Alternative hypothesis which is designated as

HO =   HO

HO      HO

This is interpreted as “road dualization is construction without idea specifications in Nigeria and is not accepted with good health in Nigeria.

1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION

The research question applicable to the above research hypothesis are outlined below as

1. Is road dualization executed with idea specification in Nigeria?
2. Do Nigerians accept road dualizattion in good faith?

• Which type of road dualization do you think Nigerians adopt with in the cities selected for this study?

• Type 2

• Type 2 dual carriage

• Type 3 dual carriage ways

1v) Are you of the opinion that road dualization requires improvement in Nigeria?

1. Dos road dualization operates with positive or negative impart?

• Positive impart

• Negative impart

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The problems encountered by the researcher in his attempts to execute this researcher work was numerous. The first is the problem of financial constrains which imposed tremendous setback due to the fact that the research work was sponsored.

Secondly is the problem of transportation problem as the researcher travelled to the cities that were used as experimented sites. Questionnaire distribution and retrieve was not an easy task as most research respondents were reluctant to accept and submit back their research questionnaires. Time factor was a problem and the time allocation for the research was inadequate. Researcher time was made to run with lecture period.

despite of all setback encountered, the researcher was able to come up with a universally accepted research result.

1.8 RESEARCH AREA

Imo state is in Niger Delta geographical zone. It was created from the former east center state in 1975 and has twenty seven local governments. Imo state has bundle with rivers state by the East, Enugu state, by the West, Abia state by the North and Anambra State by the south. Imo state has a typical vegetable of a sandy loamy soil type. Imo state has a mixed topography of hilly, slop and valley land form and it is surrounded by surface water.

Imo state has a total population………………….

……………………………. According to the national population commission, publication of 2006 the local government found in Imo state are outlined below with their capital cities.

Owerri Municipal- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –  owerri

Owerri North-  – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Imeric Uratta

Owerri west- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Umuguma

Ikeduru- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Ihodimezu

Mbaitolu- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Nwaori- Ubi

Ngorokpal- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –  Umuneke Ngor

Mbano- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Mbani

Aboh Mbaise- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Aboh

Ezinehike Mbaise- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Ezinaihite

Aghiara- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ahgara

Uguta- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Uguta

Ahaji Egbema- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –  Egbema

Okigwe- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Okigwe

Oru East- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Oru

Oru West- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Uru

Ideator South- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ideator

Orlu- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Orlu

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Road :an access for movement
• Dualization: portioning component in to two or more for easy movement
• Road dualization: portioning road in two or more for easy movement
• Dual carriage way: Road dualization with double lane.
• Pedestrians: people trafficking on foot.
• Facilities: provisions that makes road dualization easy.
• Components:
• Irrigation: facilities that takes care or provide asses way for erosion.
• Drainage: the act of dry water on the surface of the soil.
• Irrigation facilities: argents and amenities that controls water erosion on land during flood.
• Land scope facilities: facilities that create even topography and controls erosion.
• Illumination: mountain of light pound to provide more lighting.
• Illumination facility: facilities that provides light.