Design And Construction A 2KVA Stabilizer

This project is titled the design and construction of a 2KVA AC Stabilizer. It is designed to meet up with the AC voltage safety, stability and accuracy demand in industries and in homes. Voltage stabilizers are useful in devices such as computer Power supplies, alternators and central power station generator plants, voltage regulators control the output of the plant

The output voltage of this device is manually controlled by changing the transformer tap from time to depending upon the voltage condition, which keep varying quite frequently.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2      AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.3      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.4      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.5      LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.6      STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATURE REVIEW
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• OVERVIEW OF AN AUTOTRANSFORMER
• OPERATION OF AN AUTOTRANSFORMER
• LIMITATIONS OF AN AUTOTRANSFORMER
• OVERVIEW OF SERVOMECHANISM
• THEORY OF TRANSFORMER
• VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER RATION (K)
• TRANSFORMER LOSSES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• COMPONENTS LIST

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      RESULT ANALYSIS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING SECTION
• SYSTEM TESTING
• DESIGN PRECAUTION

CHAPTER FIVE

• DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1      DISCUSSION

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

In Nigeria and some other parts of the world today, the electricity power supply to consumers (at homes and industries) are not maintained at a stipulated voltage say 220 volts. But the electronics gadgets and some other power operated machines, that we use in our homes, offices and industries requires power with constant or nearly constant voltage for their efficiency, and to avoid damage by the voltage.

voltage stabilizer which is also known as tap-changers, is used to regulate the voltage on AC power distribution lines. This stabilizer operate by using a servomechanism to select the appropriate tap on an autotransformer with multiple taps, or by moving the wiper on a continuously variable auto transfomer. If the output voltage is not in the acceptable range, the servomechanism switches the tap, changing the turns ratio of the transformer, to move the secondary voltage into the acceptable region. The controls provide a dead band wherein the controller will not act, preventing the controller from constantly adjusting the voltage (“hunting”) as it varies by an acceptably small amount.

• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

There are many fundamental different types of stabilizers in use some of which are electron mechanically tap changer, solid state tap changer etc. voltage, stabilizer came into being not by normal design and plain, but as a means of solving electrical “Crisis” situation. This crisis situation does rarely occur in developed countries of the world such as Britain, American, Germany.

Their system of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity is such that a devoid of variation of fluctuation in the supplied voltage. Now, by the definition given by K.G Jackson and R. Feinberg, a voltage stabilizer is a piece device incorporated in a circuit to maintain a constant output voltage from a poorly generated power supply. A voltage stabilizer like any other piece of equipment is a combination of many electrical and like any other piece of equipment is a combination of many electrical and electronic and circuit with the aim of getting the assemble to perform a specified desired task or function.

• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to construct a device whose function is to maintain constant voltage and power line conditioning to the equipment load under a wide variety of conditions, even when the utility input voltage, frequency or system load vary widely. It operate by using a servomechanism to select the appropriate tap on an autotransformer with multiple taps, or by moving the wiper on a continuously variable auto transformer

1.3                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The stabilizer is a device planned to mechanically sustain a constant voltage level. It is very device to maintain a constant voltage level. It can also use electromechanical components. It can be used majorly to regulate one or more DC or AC depending on the design. Therefore, the functions of this equipment are very wide and can be used majorly for various purposes. Electronic voltage stabilizer can be used majorly for various purposes. It has various functions like it can be used mainly for stabilizing the DC voltages that can be used by the processor and its main parts. In central power station generator plants and automobile alternators, stabilizer control the output of the plant. In this distribution system, it may be installed at along distribution lines so that all clients recognize steady voltage self-regulating of how much power is drawn from the line. There are many functions of operating the AC depending upon the design. It is very good option to maintain the constant voltage level. Stabilizer is a superb invention of science, which is an electric device designed to authorize a constant voltage in a settable level. It is very helpful to maintain the preferred voltage for the generators within particular limits. The main working of it depends upon the laws of electromechanical physics. It consists of numerous vigorous and unreceptive electrical parts like thermostats, adopters and diodes. They have different sizes, shapes and colors. There are also stabilizer which are so small that they can be easily places on a small printed circuit board. They are very easy and portable to handle. They may cover a higher volume of small house sometimes.

1.4                                         THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The design and construction of a stabilizer is the project we are constructing.  We are working on this machine because we have some idea on how this machine can be constructed and also on how it works.  We are also doing this because we want to learn more about it.

As we have mentioned earlier, this device is a protective device that protects our electrical and electronic appliances out of current and voltage fluctuation by maintaining a steady output voltage. This is how it works.  When this system is plugged into the socket or supply, it will receive a minimum voltage and filter the current and voltage thereby brings out suitable voltage output to be used by the devices in it.

So, we are building or constructing this device to reduce risk and damages the fluctuation of current / voltage caused by power fluctuations.

1.5                                        LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

The system design shall be capable of:

Operating Frequency: The stabilizer shall be capable of operating at +10% to -15% of the nominal frequency, 50Hz or 60Hz.

Rating: this device shall be rated at kVA.

Access Requirements: The shall have removable panels on the front, rear and sides as required for ease of maintenance and/or repair.

Metering: An input meter is provided to indicate line voltages

Ventilation: The isolation transformer shall be designed for convection cooling. If fan cooling is required for the solid state electronic switching devices.

1.6                                              STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The device is not automatic instead it is analogue in nature, that is, it can only give out the rated output voltage by selecting the required transformer tap using servomechanism. A servomechanism is used to select the appropriate tap on an autotransformer with multiple taps, or by moving the wiper on a continuously variable auto transformer.