Design And Construction Of 2.5KVA Generator Set

ABSTRACT

This project work is on design and construction of 2.5kva generator. the essence of this work is to reveal how to build a generating set without consulting technician, this work has been made to illustrate the steps an individual’s needs to carry out when building a generator set. The construction procedures are discussed in this work. This research work deal with techniques and procedures for constructing a generator set which is the main aim of the study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      OUR CONCERN ABOUT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POWER PLANT (MOBLIE) KNOWN AS GENERATING SET OR GENERATOR

1.2      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 THE ORIGIN OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (I.C.E)

2.2  ORIGIN OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2.3 ORIGIN OF ALTERNATORS

CHAPTER THREE

3.1                  DEFINITION OF PARTS OF A 2.5KVA GENEGRATOR

3.2      GENERATOR SET OPERATION

CHAPTER FOUR

• MATERIAL AND METHOD
• PRESENTATION OF DATA ANALYSIS
• INSTALLATION ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

CHATPER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

Fossil fuels are fuel formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of organisms and their resulting fossil fuel is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 millions of years (Paul, 2009). Joseph (1997), in its publication says ‘fossil fuels contain high percentage of carbon and include coal, petroleum and natural gas’.

It is increasing popular to build a generator.  In cases it saves money. Having known how to couple the generator yourself one become very familiar with that system and with generator in general. Here common sense generator tips are found being focusing on design and construction.

The case for generators operating in Nigeria, this means that a 2.5KVA generator can be constructed without visiting generator mechanics.

The fossil fuel generator is made up of various parts that work together to produce electricity. Some of the most important components of a power fossil fuel generator are as follows:

The engine is the most important part of a diesel generator set, as it provides mechanical energy that is later transformed into electrical power. The power output of these generators is proportional to the engine size. The more powerful the engine, the more electricity it produces.

The alternator is another crucial component of a diesel generator. It converts the engine’s mechanical input (the spinning of the shaft) into electrical output via induction. An alternator is constructed out of a rotor that creates alternating electricity by producing a magnetic field. Hence, the rotor is regarded as the alternator’s primary component.

In the early 1830s, Faraday discovered (or at least described) the mechanism of “electromagnetic induction”. When you move a wire (or any electrical conductor) through a magnetic field, an electric current is induced in the wire, according to this principle. If the wire is stationary but the magnetic field moves, the same holds true. The electrons flow across the wire simply by traveling through a magnetic field. The electrons flow in one direction if the wire moves north-south and the other direction if the wire moves south-north. The more powerful the field and the longer the wire, the more current is induced. Several massive, powerful magnets are arranged in a cluster around a central, revolving shaft in modern generators. This is referred to as the rotor or armature. The magnets could be permanent or electromagnets, but the essential is that they create a magnetic field that causes the engine to spin. The ‘stator,’ which is effectively a series of tightly bundled coils of wire, all packed closely around the rotor, is another significant sub-component of the alternator. The rotor constantly transfers the north and south poles of its magnetic field(s) across the bundles of wire that surround them when an external force (such as a diesel engine) spins the central shaft. This results in a large amount of electrical current flowing back and forth across the cables, which we refer to as ‘alternating current’ or ‘AC’ mains electricity.

The fuel system stores and distributes the fuel to the generator. The most critical factor in getting the engine to run is fuel. The fuel’s chemical energy is transferred to mechanical energy, which is ultimately converted to electrical energy by the engine.

The most visible component of the fuel system is a tank that holds enough fuel to operate for at least 6-8 hours. For smaller, portable generators, this tank may be built inside the generator housing, or it may be a distinct external structure for bigger, permanently installed generators. Other components of the fuel system include pipework to deliver fuel to the engine, a fuel pump similar to those found in most vehicles, a fuel filter, and a fuel tank ventilation pipe or valve to prevent overpressure or vacuum. There will also be an overflow connection to ensure that if the tank is overfilled, the fuel is routed away rather than sprayed on the engine or alternator’s surface.

Lubricating (oil) System ensures that a diesel generator’s different components work smoothly. As a result, to avoid any problems, it’s critical to keep a constant eye on the generator’s lubricating system. Because a generator has a lot of spinning parts, it’s critical to have a good lubrication system that not only protects the moving parts from friction but also keeps them cool.

Voltage Regulator is a complicated but necessary component. Without it, the AC current produced would vary in voltage and amperage depending on the engine’s speed. Because modern electrical equipment requires a very stable power supply, something must be done to balance it. The workings of a voltage regulator are highly complex, and this content will not go into detail about them.

Cooling System, In addition to mechanical energy, the engine creates a lot of waste heat, just like in a car. The electrical resistance of the wires generates heat when the power passes through the alternator. This heat is absorbed by a coolant fluid, usually but not always water, which then passes via a heat exchanger, discharging its heat into the air or sometimes into a secondary coolant fluid.

Exhaust gases are produced by all internal combustion engines. These are poisonous and must be kept away from the engine and any humans around. Exhaust gases are usually carried through pipes and released into the atmosphere. Before installing a new generator, check with your local health and safety standards to see how and where exhaust systems must be channeled.

Starter and Battery System: The diesel motor, like the one in a car or a truck, is started by a small electrical motor. This electrical starter motor is powered by a battery that is charged either by a separate charger or by the generator’s output.

The Control Panel houses the Start/Stop button as well as indicators for various parameters

The Housing/Frame is the final part of a generator set which is an open structural frame, or weatherproof housing, or a transportable unit will house the diesel generator. All of these functions work together to keep the components connected and secure. It also guarantees that all electrical components are grounded correctly.

1.1 OUR CONCERN ABOUT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POWER PLANT (MOBLIE) KNOWN AS GENERATING SET OR GENERATOR.

An electrical generator is a device, that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The resent conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor. Motors and generators have many similarities, a generator forces electric charge to move though an external electric circuit but it does not create electricity or charge which is already present in the wire of winding. It is somehow analogous to a water pump which creates a flow of water but does not create the water suite.

The two main parts of a generator can be described in either mechanical or electrical terms.

MECHANICAL

• Rotor: the rotating part of an electric mechine (generator).
• Stator: the stationary part of an electrical machine (generator).

ELECTRICAL

• Armature: the power producing component of an electrical machine in a generator, alternator or dynamo. The armature windings generates electrical current, this armature can be on either rotor or the stator.
• Field: the magnetic field component of an electrical machine. The magnetic field of the dynamo or can be provided by either electro-magnetic or permanent mounted on either. The rotor or stator the magnetic field will magnet the rotor as it will be rotating inside. The magnet because power transferred into the field circuit is much less union in the armature circuit, the Alternating current (A.C) generators nearly always have the field winding only a small amount of field current must be moving rotor using scrip rings. The required current and the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) pass the generated current through the A.C cables.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

(DEFINITION)

A power plant is defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy. Focusing on electric power generator, the main equipment needed for the generation of electric power is the generator. During coupling, it is connected to a prime mover which runs it and the electricity is generated. The type of prime moves determines the type of power plant.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to design and construct a generator set using available sold material. The objective is to build a generator set at low cost.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study will be strictly restricted to the building of a 2.5KVA generating set.

1.5 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Many constraints limited the extent this work would have gone they are as follows

• TIME-This is the time taken to run the entire research work.

We do not have all the time in our hands especially when we combine it with our regular academic work and other things

• FINANCE: We do not have enough funds to execute this research work.
• LACK OF INFORMATION: there is no information based like books on this topic.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

A generator will do you no good unless it will function to its desired capacity when you need it most. The best way to ensure that this happens is by carefully build one at low cost.

This study will serve as a means of building a generator set using available sold materials.

it will serve as a means of promoting indigenous made products in Nigeria.