Design And Construction Of A 100W Element Of Cooking And Baking Machine

ABSTRACT

This work is on electric powered cooking device for heating and baking of food. The construction of this work is based heating element, which generates and dissipates heat within the enclosure. The element is connected to a thermostat that regulates the rate of heat generation in the system. The performance test gave oven efficiency of 95.2 per cent. The oven can be adapted for both domestic and industrial purposes and have been found very useful in bakery industries

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for the heating, baking or drying of a substance and most commonly used for cooking.

This project is as a result of increasing interest. Essentially, the idea, as demonstrated in an existing design, arises in the project students a feeling of motivation, and hence the search for a way to bring it to reality in a simple, yet intelligent design, like this. This project is designed to make the students utilize as many theoretical and practical concept as have been instructed in Alston to mechanical engineering workshop technology. Students are expected to learn and apply concepts, principles about energy specially the conversions of  electrical energy to thermal energy, conduction and conventional heat transfer etc.

Also the determination of the properties of various ferrous and non-ferrous materials, electrical installation. The application of engineering measurement and quality control. Also to build an intellectual ability in interpretation of working drawing in designing and development before and after working process.  Students will get an opportunity to appreciate safety, and the use of both machine and hand tools in the course of working.

This oven is a combination of units and components that make possible the use of two alternative heat sources with different uses, namely electric cooker and baking oven. The body is made of well coated mild steel while the internal surface is made of galvanized sheet owing to its resistance to rust or corrosion and does not contaminate the food substance in process. Fibre glass (rock wool) is stuffed in-between the mild steel and galvanized sheet and which acts to prevent loss of heat (insulation). Fibre glass is known to have light weight, high strength and high thermal shock resistance characteristics. The oven supports have rollers for easy movement and to absorb shock as well as sustain weight of the oven. At the upper chamber is a voltage indicator consisting of green and red bulbs. The former indicates the presence of electricity and the latter indicates when the oven is in operation. Inside the cooker is a heating element incorporated with a thermostat to regulate the rate of heat generation in the system. Wire mesh is welded to provide the required base or support for the baking trays. In the lower chamber of the device is oven.

Electric ovens are the direct fired oven, which effectively distribute heat while being powered by electricity, although this can often result in a higher heating cost for the consumer. Many prefer this type of oven because they tend to use dry heat, which helps prevent the buildup of rust. Electric ovens also feature a thermostat that controls the oven’s temperature electronically, and many have top, bottom, or rear grill elements.

Electric ovens can take longer to heat, but they are relatively inexpensive in cost compared to other types of ovens.

1.2                                            OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

This project is undertaken to:

(1)    Compare the various ways used in the production of an electric cooker and oven

(2)    Disclose the different types of process in the manufacturing of an electric oven and cooker using heating element as the heating source

(3)    Exploit the local facilities available in the construction of the oven as against imported ovens.

(4)    To exhibit the usefulness of a joint devices oven and cooker in the economy and technology growth of the nation.

(5)    To know the convenience in the use of heating element for operation of ovens.

1.3                                                IMPORTANCE OF OVENS

In actual analytical enunciation an oven is an enclosed chamber in which things are heated or cooked with various sources of power. Its importance borders around its function, which are as follows;

(i)    It is used to meet the everyday basic need of cooking, (baking, toasting, gritting, toasting) of food materials for human consumption while electric cooker only used for cooking

(ii)    Ovens are used for heat treatment of substance in laboratories and industries.

(iii)    Also as a means of preservation by heat application to perishable materials (organic and inorganic) in general.

(iv)    Sterilization of instruments and equipment for industrial use is done by heat application using oven.

(v)    Expelling of moisture content to a required measure in some substance is also done using oven.

(vi)    Early manufactured ovens where used as a source of room heaters during cold weathers in cold climates.

1.4                          LIMITATIONS AND PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

Problems in the use of electric cooker and ovens:

(i)    Cleaning and repair is a difficult and time- consuming endeavor.

(ii)    Expect for mass production singular construction is relatively expensive to produce.

(iii)    If precautions are not well carried out, it can result in fire hazard, which is dangerous to life and properties.

(iv)    Because ovens provide heat for one or more areas, the temperature may vary in different areas of the oven.

(v)    Oils and moisture collected on metal surface can end up trying to rust the metal coating if not clean regularly.

(vi)    It is expensive to operate in high volume operations.

(vii)    Speed seem to be the key factor and time taken to get to required constant temperature can be wastage of time.

(viii)    Access to internal component in case of adjustment and maintenance is tasking as it requires an entire disassembling.

(ix)    In case of mechanical faults resulting from shut down, an entire disassembling and requires is required.

(x)    Due to its function by heating, there is always a premature wear or mechanical failure of some of the internal component.

1.5                               PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT

This study is to devise a means of producing an electric cooker and oven with heating element to address the following:

(1)            The problem of sooty pare-heating as observed in vaporizing cookers.

(2)             Economically, this equipment is designed for cost reduction and easy to maintain.

1.6                                       SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

This project work is intended to serve as a catalogue and manual for the construction, installation, maintenance and repair of different possible faults in electric cooker and oven, it is also of a great benefit to the department and society as it will serve as medium of knowing the principle of operating the model work. It serve as a standard means for cooking and baking.

1.7                                         DELIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1. There is freedom of location and general adaptability.
2. It entails good cooking condition, cleanliness, quietness and ambient temperature.
3. Uniform of temperature within narrow limit with the electrical chamber.
4. Capital cost, running and maintenance cost of cooker and oven are low.

1.8                                              DEFINITION OF TERMS

THERMOSTAT: This is an electrical device design to heat up bend and open the circuit when excessive current flows and close the circuit when the heat reduces. It can also be defined as an automatic regulator that control the amount of current that heat up the circuit.

HEATING ELEMENT: This is a conductor material that is designed to heat up when connected to current flow. It converts electric energy into heat energy.

OUTLET PLUG: This is an electrical device design with two or three metal pins that fit into holes in a socket to make an electrical connection.

SWITCH: This is a device used to connect or break the flow of electric current in a circuit.

INDICATOR (LAMP): This is a device which glows like a bulb indicating the working status of a connection.

CABLE: A cable is a material or conductor use in conveying electric current from one point to another.