Design And Construction Of A Conveyor Belt With Weight Sensor

 

DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my — for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor — for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my — and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor Mr. — for his kindness in supervising this project. My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. —, and Dr. —. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of — among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. — and the —. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister —, my lovely friends mercy —, —, — and many others who were quite helpful

ABSTRACT

There are many methods used for safe transportation of material and this system widely used in industries for material handling conventionally and automatically. Therefore different industries uses this method for transportation of materials because Material handling equipment are designed such that they facilitate easy, cheap, fast and safe loading and unloading with least human interference and at the same time improve efficiency.

Automated conveyor systems are being increasingly used in a number of automated conveyor systems are quite easy to install in a warehouse and is also much simpler to operate than a forklift and other similar material handling equipment.

This work is on conveyor belt with weight sensor. This machine consists of a conveyor belt module, a conveyor belt, a weighing system, and a method for weighing materials conveyed on a conveyor belt. A conveyor belt includes an array of load cells embedded in belt modules to measure forces normal to the belt’s conveying surface. The measurements are transmitted from the belt to a remote controller as part of a vision system that identifies individual material conveyed on the belt and pressing down on underlying load cells. The vision system determines which load cells underlie the individual materials and combines their measurements to compute the weights of the material on the fly.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• ADVANTAGES OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM
• DISADVANTAGES OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM
• APPLICATION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF CONVEYOR BELT
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• STRUCTURE OF CONVEYOR BELT
• APPLICATIONS OF CONVEYOR BELTS
• BELT CONVEYOR SAFETY SYSTEM
• TYPES OF CONVENYOR
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• PROPOSED SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

• CONSTRUCTION METHOD
• CONVEYORS BELTS REQUIREMENT
• PARTS OF THE SYSTEM
• SYSTEM SETUP DIAGRAM
• WEIGHT SENSOR UNIT
• PROGRAM CODE
• DESIGN CALCULATION

CHAPTER FOUR

• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0    CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                     INTRODUCTION

1.1                                       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A conveyor system is a common method used for material handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials (Nasif et al., 2017). Many kinds of conveying systems are available and are used according to the various needs of different industries according to Akshay et al (2017). Has been identified for lifting or transporting bulk materials or products from one place to another in the manufacturing industries depending on the speed of handling, height of transportation, nature, quantity, size and weight of materials to be transported. In today’s fast moving, highly competitive industrial world, a company must be flexible; cost effective and efficient to survive (Nasif et al., 2017).

This work is based on a Belt Conveyor in which the movement of the belt is controlled by electric power. Belt conveyor mechanism improving the working efficiency also prevents the drawback of the flat belt conveyor mechanism.

A Belt conveyor consists of two or more pulleys, with a continuous loop of material- the conveyor belt- that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered moving the belt and the material on the forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors. Generally companies providing general material handling type belt conveyors do not provide the conveyors for bulk material handling.

The work relates generally to power-driven conveyors and more particularly to conveyor systems having load cells embedded in the belt to weigh conveyed object individually on the fly using Flat Belt.

1.2                                         PROBLEM STATEMENT

Traditional belt conveyor only convey object or load from one point to another. However, there is need to know the weight of objects that is placed on the belt conveyor for safety and durability purpose. Weight measurement instrumentation is a highly sensitive equipment that must take measurements, small in quantity, accurately and reliable. This instrumentation is usually used in laboratories where the conditions are suitable. However, the modern industrial environment is not suitable for such sensitive instrumentation.

In some industries there is a need for a Weight measurement system that is able to accurately measure the weight of object on the conveyor parts while they are in movement.

There is also a need for a system to calculate the friction coefficient of discrete parts. The weight of materials is achieved using weight sensor.

In another aspect, a conveyor belt embodying features of the work comprises a belt body with a conveying surface and a two-dimensional array of load cells at individual positions in the belt body. Each load cell makes a measurement of the force normal to the conveying surface caused by an object conveyed on the conveying surface at the load cell’s individual position.

1.3                                         OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are:

1. To build a conveying belt that will convey object on the conveying surface of the conveyor belt having an array of load cells making measurements of forces applied normal to the conveying surface;
2. To identifying individual object to determine which load cells underlie the individual object on the conveyor belt; and

• To combine the measurements provided by the load cells underlying each individual object to determine its weight.

1. To Increasing in
2. To reduce human
3. To reduce accident with the help of sensor and

• To reduce time of material
• To minimise cost of material

 

1.4                                               SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this work covers building a conveyor belt that comprises of a weight sensor. The conveyor belt has a two-dimensional array of load cells at individual positions in the belt. Each load cell measures a force normal to the belt’s conveying surface at the load cell’s individual position. The load cell produces a load-cell signal including measurements of the normal force at the load cell’s position on the belt. Transmitters in the belt are each associated with one or more of the load cells and transmit the associated load-cell measurement from the belt. The vision system identifies each individual object conveyed on the belt’s conveying surface and determines the individual load cells underlying the identified object.

1.5                                        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This work will serve as a means of understanding how a conveyor belt operates. The study will help the reader and also the student involved to understanding the operating principle of a conveyor belt and also that of a weight sensor. It will serve as means of knowing the exact weight of objects that are place to convey on a conveyor belt.

1.6                               ADVANTAGES OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM

It has many advantages when considered as a mechanical means of conveying bulk materials. Well, the following are the advantages of conveyor system:

1. A conveyor system is one of the cheapest process to move material over long distances.
2. The height of the conveyor may change and the material can be seen on the belt of the conveyor while conveying.
3. Belt conveyors may have designed with metal separators and it has trippers to unload the belt at almost any location.
4. Belt conveyors can turn at one end to move the discharge along an arc. Also, Sidewalls can be added to the belt to prevent product leakage.
5. In conveyors, weigh belt sections can also be added for continuous product weighing.

1.7                            DISADVANTAGES OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM

Following are the disadvantages of conveyor system:

1. The general design of the belt conveyor is opened. So there is a possibility of product fall. If you need to install covers, it can be expensive.
2. Sticky material can become trapped on the belt and transfer to the return side, roll, idler, and pulley.
3. If the material is sticky, the belt can be difficult to clean and is usually not very successful resulting in a belt replacement.
4. Belt discharge always carries material and this becomes a housekeeping problem.

1.8                                APPLICATION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM

Conveyors are used for different purposes in a variety of industries. They are generally used in industries such as mining, manufacturing, automotive, food processing, packaging, pharmaceutical, and bottling.

All types of materials are transported by the conveyors. Some of the items used by the conveyor are beans, nuts, canned foods, and vegetables, bottles, drink cans, automotive parts such as engines, car frames, and tires, medicine or supplements such as pills, large powders, furniture, and more.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Format = Microsoft word

Chapters = 1-5 chapters

Price: N3,000.

 

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