Design And Construction Of A GSM Based 16A Automatic Power Changeover For A Single Phase Power Supply

This project work is on the design and construction of automatic changeover for 1-phase power supply. It provides a means of switching from AC mains to generator in case of failure in the existing phase but when there is no power in any of the system when then switchover to generator. This device brings solution to overcome power fluctuation/phase interruption by selecting next most healthy available phase to feed the equipment without any notice of power outage.

In this system, when the power failure occurs this system will send one SMS to the particular person. “POWER is OFF”. If loads get the power from main means the SMS is send as “MAIN POWER is ON”. We can control the generator ON/OFF by using the GSM. If we have more than one generator means we can select any one for the particular time, based upon the DEMAND by fixing this kit for every Generator.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRCT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF CHANGEOVER

2.2      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER

2.3   REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL PHASES

2.4      REVIEW OF THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC POWER

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1     BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5      DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATIONOBSERVATIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMAMRY
• CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                     INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria today the problems of power outage across phases is so rampant thus leading to some sensitive equipment and appliances being redundant, this could sometimes be the cause of one phase going out with respect to the other.

It may surprise one to note that in an attempt to solve this problems, so many unskilled electricity consumers has in recent past resorted to some crude means of swapping between phases to obtain power. So many souls have been lost in this act. This is an undesirable condition to consumers and the need now arises to design a device that can automatically select among the phases and make power supply available at the consumers terminal. It provides a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in the existing phase but when there is no power in any of the three phases the system will then switchover to generator.

PIC Microcontroller is the heart of the device which handles all the sub devices connected across it. We have used as microcontroller. It has flash type reprogrammable memory. It has some peripheral devices to play this project perform. It also provides sufficient power to inbuilt peripheral devices. We need not give individually to all devices. The peripheral devices also activates as low power operation mode. These are the advantages are appear here.

In this system, when the power failure occurs this system will send one SMS to the particular person. “POWER is OFF”. If loads get the power from main means the SMS is send as “MAIN POWER is ON”. We can control the generator ON/OFF by using the GSM. If we have more than one generator means we can select any one for the particular time, based upon the DEMAND by fixing this kit for every Generator.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Power failure or outage in a country, state or city is highly detrimental to development in public and private industries. The insecurity associated with constant or frequent power failure or outage brings about limitation to power consistent investments, thus hampering the development of industries and multinational ventures. Processes like carrying out surgical operations in hospitals, laboratories which require constant power supply for research, money transactions between banks and more require constant use of uninterrupted power. In other to solve this problem, an automatic changeover switch was invented. It has the capacity to automatically switch power from  national grid to generator and vice versa, once there is power failure in the mains and at the same time has the capacity of shutting down a generator set once the mains grid is been restored via SMS.

1.3                                          OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to design a device that will overcome power failure using GSM module. This device is capable of handling load up to 16A and the switching device (relays) are rated 16A.

1.4                                           PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the project is to provide the supply for the single phase load from the one of the active phase of the 3-phase supply but if there is power failure in the three phases the device will switch over to generator set.

Another purpose of this work is to provide a constant power supply to consumers.

1.5                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Industries require three phases power to run their machinery. Some of them require continuous \ uninterrupted power to maintain their data. Auto phase selector unit for those equipment whose supply is single phase. Auto changeover introduces an automatic solution to overcome power fluctuation \ phase interruption by selecting next most healthy available phase to feed the equipment.

1.6                                     LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEMS

In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problem was notice such as:

• Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
• Difficulty in connecting the output without the three phases short-circuiting, until a multiplexing circuit was gotten.
• Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required.
• It requires maintenance because they involve less complex components, particularly in terms of testing maintenance and replacement part.
• The cost of designing the device is higher the parts are higher than that of the manual changeover.
• Changeover switches have been known to respond to false signals when the switching device becomes faulty, this scenario that could waste generator power, albeit in small amounts.
• Operating voltages: 220V-240
• 16A is the maximium load it can handle.

1.7                                                SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work covers only a single phase automatic changeover which can only be used for providing a means of switching from AC mains to generator in the case of failure in mains.

1.8                                     APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This device provides constant power supply in our:

• Homes
• Workshops
• Worship centre (such as churches or mosque)
• Offices
• And any other places that electrical energy is been used

1.9                                                  DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHANGEOVER: Generally, a changeover switch is a system which could be operated manually or automatically , that changes one source of power supply to another source in ase of power failure from either of the two sources.

RELAY: relay is one of the major components used in this work which is an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in one circuit to open or close another circuit.

POWER FLUCTUATIONS: is a periodic dip or spikes in the electrical current of any given circuit.

POWER FAILURE: is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.

1.10                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.11                              STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the related works, chapter three describes methods used for the study, chapter four discusses result and discussion, chapter five is on summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation.