Design And Construction Of A Power Failure And Resumption Alarm

ABSTRACT

Power supply and failure is a frequent experience that occurs in our mains. Power failure is a period of time when the electricity supply to a particular building or area is interrupted, for example because of damage to the cables or any other reason, while Power restoration is a period of time when the electricity supply to a particular building or area is restored, because of replacement or servicing damage to the cables or any other reason.

For us to be notified when the power OFF and ON condition has occurred a power monitoring device is used. This system indicates when there is power failure and resumption in our mains through alarm indication. As soon as the system experiences power failure or resumption you will receive a signal from an alarm.

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
1.2      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.3      PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.4      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5      CONSEQUENCES OF A POWER FAILURE
1.6      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.8      PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 
2.1     REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY

2.2     HISTORY ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM

2.3    HISTORY OF POWER FAILURE AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY

2.4   TYPES OF POWER FAILURE SIGNAL

2.5   TYPES OF POWER FAILURE

2.6   PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM FAILURE

2.7   RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE

CHAPTER THREE
CONSTRUCTION
3.1      DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS
3.3      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4      OPERATION PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
3.4      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.5      COMPONENT LIST
3.6      COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.7      DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR 
4.0      TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5      INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

4.6      PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
CHAPTER FIVE 
5.1      CONCLUSION
5.2      RECOMMENDATION
5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTERONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern equipment requires a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If you experience a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure “spoils” your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website.

Of course, in most critical applications, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are used, but this is not always the case. Also, these devices cannot provide continuous operation in the event of remote power off. Often you need to take other action according to the situation. But how do you know that the remote site has experienced a power off condition?

For us to be notified when the power OFF and ON condition has occurred a power monitoring device is used. This system indicates when there is power failure and resumption in our mains through alarm indication. As soon as the system experiences power failure or resumption you will receive a signal from an alarm.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of the project is to design a power supply and failure monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when the mains supply fails or restored. Once the buzzer sound, one will know that there is a loss of power supply and actions need to be taken to rectify the situation by providing alternative power supply or relocating the installation while when the second alarm with different sound blows it also indicate that the mains have been restored.

1.3                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this work is to build a power monitoring device with multiple functions that monitors when there is power supply and power failure.

This device is designed to inform you when the power has failed so that the user can turn ON their alternative power supply such as standby generator, solar inverter, or any other alternative power supply while power resumption alarm tells the user when the mains was restored in order for him/her to switch off their alternative power supply.

This device notifies you by alarm when your electrical equipment suffers a power supply. If you have important equipment you want to run with mains and want to know if there has been a power supply so that you power the device, this app can help you by telling you when electric power is supplied.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

A failure in the power supply to some people causes only a irritant, they may have to reset a clock, but to other people especially business, they can and do cause thousands of pounds of damage. This damage may be in the form of lost food in a fridge or freezer, amounting to hundreds of naira of lost stock, it may be chemicals, medicines, and electronics.

A power cut may have cut the heater off in the greenhouse, a fan off in a computer room, it may have caused a computer to fail, there are hundreds of reasons that you need to know if there is or has been a power failure. This device is designed to inform you when the power has failed so that the user can turn ON their alternative power supply such as standby generator, solar inverter, or any other alternative power supply while power resumption alarm tells the user when the mains was restored in order for him/her to switch off their alternative power supply.

Power restoration alarm notifies you by alarm when your electrical equipment suffers a power supply. If you have important equipment you want to run with mains and want to know if there has been a power supply so that you power the device, this app can help you by telling you when electric power is supplied.

1.5                                  CONSEQUENCES OF A POWER FAILURE

• No lights in the house
• Loss of refrigeration – food spoils
• No heat or air conditioning
• No flushing toilets or running water
• Can’t cook on electric range or in microwave oven

1.6                               APPLCATION OF POWER FAILURE ALARM
Typical uses of power failure and resumption signal include monitoring:
* fridges/freezers;
* fish tanks/aquariums;
* sump pumps;
* computer equipment;
* heating systems;
* chemical storage;
* and many other applications.

1.7                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This project is a power supply monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when the mains supply cuts off and when it is resumed. At the same time, the light emitting diode will be turned ON. This device is helpful to inform the loss of power supply to some critical installation such as a pump in a fish tank and also to inform the user when the power is resumed. Once the buzzer sound, one will know that there is a loss of power supply and when the second alarm with different frequency sounds it indicates resumption of mains supply.

1.8                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.