Design And Construction Of A Rechargeable Ultrasonic Mosquito Repellent

ABSTRACT

This work is titled design and construction of a rechargeable ultrasonic mosquito repellent system. Control of mosquitoes is something of utmost importance in the present day with rising number of mosquito borne illnesses. Specialty products like mosquito repellent used to combat mosquitoes are required. This project proposal presents the design and construction of a rechargeable ultrasonic mosquito repellent system. The project is aimed at developing a device that is capable of emitting ultrasonic energy of varied frequencies. These frequencies do affect the auditory senses of pests such as mosquitoes, rodents, avian and nocturnal insects by making them uncomfortable in their abode. However these frequencies do not affect the hearing ability of humans. This electronic mosquito repellent is based on the 555 timer IC is a simple and useful mosquito repellent .The mosquito repellent circuit generates an ultrasonic sound with a high output frequency that allows spreading mosquitoes within a wide radius . The circuit is quite simple and require few external components . The oscillation frequency is given by the value of the resistors and a capacitor components and can be modified changing the value of components or replacing the fixed resistor with a variable resistor ( potentiometer ) . The actual oscillation frequency of this electronic mosquito repellent is above 20 KHz so what is needed is a good high frequency speaker , example being a piezo speaker. The electronic mosquito repellent circuit can be supplied from a 9 V DC power supply The aim of this work is to design which can produce ultrasound in the frequency range of 20 kHz to 38 kHz, which can scare away mosquitoes

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.2      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.3    APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

1.4      LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1.5      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.6      PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF HISTORY OF THE PROJECT

2.2     DESCRIPTION OF THE AN ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLENT

2.3      TYPES OF  ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLENT

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION

3.1      BASIC DESIGNS OF ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLENT

3.2      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.3      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.4      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.6      RECHARGEABLE POWER SUPPLY

3.7     DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.4      COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      CONCLUSION

5.1      RECOMMENDATION

5.2      REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

Mosquitoes can prove to be quite a nuisance, especially while you are sleeping. Definitely there are many ways to tackle them, but not without a few disadvantages. The simple electronic mosquito repeller presented here is worth giving a go. These tiny blood sucking vampires will be back again leaving behind lot of itches and swellings. Mosquitoes can be considered as one of the most irritating bugs that not only trouble us a lot but have the potentials of spreading deadly diseases. Using mosquito nets to guard yourself from mosquitos looks pretty sensible and is an easy way to evade them, however some of you may complain of suffocation- being stuffed inside a netted cage. Chemical and fume based alternatives are effective, but the emissions that are intended to be harmful for these insects can also prove toxic to our health in the long run. Various mosquito repellent solutions like coils, liquid vaporizers, and creams, all have possible adverse effects to health. Large number of things like coils, creams, oils is available in the market to repel mosquito. At the same time all these replant is also harmful for the humans too. Oils and creams can led to skin disease, while coils or mats produces toxic fumes which can lead to breathing problem. While in this circuit there is no harm for human being as it produces frequency which human being cannot hear (Leighton, 2017). The concept that we are going to use in our circuit is related to ultrasound. A sound with frequency higher than 20 kHz is termed as “Ultrasound”. For we, humans a sound only ranging between 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency is audible, and any sound with frequency below or higher than this range wouldn’t be audible for us. Several animals like cats, dogs, insects, mosquitoes have the feature of being able to hear this ultrasonic sound. In mosquitoes, this feature is attributed to the presence of sensory structures in their antennae. Usually ultrasound is transmitted by male mosquitoes and received by female mosquitoes. However after breeding, female mosquitoes generally avoid the ultrasound and this fact can be used to produce ultrasound in a range similar to that produced by male mosquitoes and repel away the mosquitoes. The ultrasound produces a stress on the antennae of the mosquitoes and repels them away. In other words, a simple circuit is designed which can produce ultrasound in the frequency range of 20 kHz to 38 kHz, which can scare away mosquitoes. Generally ultrasound in a range of 20 kHz to 40kHz is transmitted by male mosquitoes and received by female mosquitoes, however after breeding female mosquitoes tend to avoid male mosquitoes and so they tend to avoid ultrasound in that range (Leighton, 2017). As we know that only female breeding mosquitoes bites humans, we can use this concept and can design a circuit which produces the ultrasound in frequency range specified above.

1.2                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Electronic mosquito repellent is an alternative to other forms of mosquito repellent. The available of a different type of mosquito-fighting product on the market gives consumers the flexibility of choosing the repellent product that is right for them. With a variety of selections to choose from, it is important to know the benefits of each type of repellent from which you are choosing. Electronic mosquito repellent is an important part of the repellent market (Enayati et al, 2017).

Mosquitoes are a pest to humans in multiple ways. Of course, the most immediate negative side to mosquitoes is the irritation associated with being bitten by them. Mosquitoes are irritating at first when they are biting. Being bitten by mosquitoes while outside is distracting and irritating. This situation can take all the fun out of an outdoor activity as you worry more about the insects than you do about the activities you are there to do and the people whose company you are there to enjoy.

However, beyond the itching that is associated with mosquito bites, mosquitoes are also often carriers of the dangerous West Nile virus. This makes mosquito repellent more necessary than ever because it is so important to protect family and friends from this illness. Electronic mosquito repellent can help protect against West Nile without loading your family up with toxic chemicals in other forms of mosquito repellent.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

This project proposal presents the design and construction of a rechargeable ultrasonic mosquito repellent system. The project is aimed at developing a device that is capable of emitting ultrasonic energy of varied frequencies. These frequencies do affect the auditory senses of pests such as mosquitoes, rodents, avian and nocturnal insects by making them uncomfortable in their abode.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

An electronic repellent emits a safe solution into the air, causing protection within a radial distance. This allows protection from perturbing insects, without forcing you and your children to cover you skin in strong chemicals with harsh ingredients and strong odors. This electronic product will last a long time, and is a successful mosquito repellent alternative compared to conventional spray-on repellents.

This type of mosquito repellent is highly valuable because it makes spending time out of doors increasingly safe as well as increasingly comfortable. When you pursue outdoor activities with your family and friends, you do so because you want to spend time enjoying their company and your activities. Stinging mosquitoes can detract from this experience, leaving itching bites that scratch for days on end (Baroch, 2012).

Electronic mosquito repellent offers a safe and spray-free alternative to traditional repellents. It can alleviate the annoyance of being stung and the discomfort of waiting for the stings to heal. It also helps keep your family safe from West Nile virus and other communicable diseases. With your mind off the bugs and their bites, you can better enjoy your time in the great outdoors.

1.4                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

• This device requires constant power supply in use, that is the main reason for using rechargeable battery
• It requires mentainance.
• Some humans with good high-frequency hearing “hear” the emissions as an annoying high-pitched or clicking constant “background” sound. Generally the emissions are silent to most humans.
• It requires a lot of frequency setting.
• Ultrasound signals travel at an angle of 45 degrees from the source.
• In case of any obstacles in the path, the signals get reflected or diverted. It shows effect for lesser mosquito population

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This is a simple circuit of ultrasonic mosquito (insect) repeller for insect control based on the theory that insects like mosquito can be repelled by using sound frequencies in the ultrasonic (above 20 KHz) range. This insect repellent frequency is farther than the hearing range of humans, but can cause a lot of nervousness to the insects and also to animals like dogs and cats.

1.6                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a rechargeable ultrasonic mosquito repellant. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a rechargeable ultrasonic mosquito repellant were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of a rechargeable ultrasonic mosquito repellant. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.