Design And Construction Of A Simple Signal Generator

ABTRACT

This work is on a simple signal generator. A signal generator is an electronic device that generates electronic signals with set properties of amplitude, frequency, and wave shape. A signal generator may be as simple as an oscillator with calibrated frequency and amplitude which is a free-standing self-contained instrument. This device was built around an ICL8038 which is a function generator chip, capable of generating triple waveforms (sine, triangular and square) which is the aim of this work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION/PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• OVERVIEW OF SIGNAL GENERATOR
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SIGNAL GENERATOR
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIGNAL GENERATORS
• WORKING OF FUNCTION GENERATORS
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WAVEFORM

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM OPERATION
• SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• WORKING OF CIRCUIT
• DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

44       TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This work is on a “SIMPLE SINE WAVE, TRIANGULAR AND SQUARE WAVE SIGNAL GENERATOR” which also known as a function generator, is usually a piece of electronic test equipment used to generate two different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. The two waveforms produced by the function generator are the sine and wave shapes. These waveforms can be either repetitive or single-shot.[Bakshi, U. A, 2008] Integrated circuits used to generate waveforms may also be described as function generator ICs.

In addition to producing sine waves, signal generators may typically produce other repetitive waveforms including square waves. Another feature included on many function generators is the ability to add a DC offset.

Signal generators are used in the development, test and repair of electronic equipment. For example, they may be used as a signal source to test amplifiers or to introduce an error signal into a control loop. Signal generators are primarily used for working with analog circuits, related pulse generators are primarily used for working with digital circuits.

A sine wave is a wave whose form resembles a sine curve. Often in power electronics, we need a sine wave generator for some applications; a dc/ac power inverter, for example. Here is a simple attempt to fill a niche that seems to be lacking in the power inverters world — one for which a fairly efficient, inexpensive “inverter heart” offers a pure sine wave output. Utilizing pulse-width modulation and analog components, the output will be a clean sinusoid with very little switching noise. Note that pure sine wave inverters are able to simulate precisely the ac power that is delivered by a conventional wall outlet.

A triangular wave or triangle wave is a non-sinusoidal waveform named for its triangular shape. It is a periodic, piecewise linear, continuous real function. Like a square wave, the triangle wave contains only odd harmonics. However, the higher harmonics roll off much faster than in a square wave

Whilst a Square Wave Waveform is symmetrical in shape and has a positive pulse width equal to its negative pulse width resulting in a 50% duty cycle. Square wave waveforms are used in digital systems to represent a logic level “1”, high amplitude and logic level “0”, low amplitude. If the duty cycle of the waveform is any other value than 50%, (half-ON half-OFF) the resulting waveform would then be called a Rectangular Waveform or if the “ON” time is really small a Pulse. The main aim of this work is to study and construct a signal generator that produces both sine and square wave as the output.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Because of the disadvantage noticed when using other form of waves such as the fact that peak voltages usually varies with the voltage of the battery and can cause electronic devices to behave erratically because of power surges and loses power during conversion process. Because of these disadvantages led to the invention of sine wave, triangular and square wave generator.

1.3                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to construct a signal generator that produces output as both sine wave signal and square wave signal with minimum distortion. The objectives are:

1. To build a simple signal generator with sine wave, triangular and square wave form.
2. To become familiar with sine wave, triangular and square wave form

• To measured and displayed the three waveform using school’s oscilloscope.

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This device produces a variety of different waveforms at a desired frequency. It was built to generate Sine waves, triangular and Square waves output waveforms. This device is capable of producing both sine wave and square wave with a minimum number of external components or adjustments. Its operating frequency range can be selected over eight decades of frequency, from 0.001Hz to 300kHz, by the correct choice of the external R-C components.

1.5                                       SIGNINFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This study exposes us to the uses of sine wave and square wave in power supply system. With this study I have understood the full description of sine, triangular and square wave waveform

1.6                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used to produce sine and square wave output which can be use to operate devices such as: Inverter, Ups, Solar inverters, Laser printers, photocopiers, magneto-optical hard drive, certain laptop computers etc.

These generated signals are used as a stimulus for electronic measurements, typically used in designing, testing, troubleshooting, and repairing electronic or electro-acoustic devices,

1.7                                 LIMITATION/PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.

• Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

1. Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.8                                                        METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.9                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.