Design And Construction Of A Solar Powered Automatic Hand Sanitizer

ABSTRACT

Using hand sanitizer reduces microbial counts and kills many harmful germs that could infect human being with the flu and other viruses. In order to keep a healthy and thriving environment, it’s critical that we take into account the health of our environment. Providing an automatic hand sanitizer for employees, at desks and in communal areas, is just as essential as providing the right equipment and tools for ourselves. In this work we have taken the solar powered automatic hand sanitizing made it a technological engineering wonder of touch-less solar based Hand sanitizing. The machine comprises a housing having a top portion and a bottom portion. The top portion is spherical shaped structure comprising a fluid injection system for injecting antiseptic to users’ hands. The bottom portion comprises the same structure. The machine further comprises a wash basin coupled in the interior of said box shaped structure with circular opening under where the used water or liquid soap pass through, an electronic eye for detecting the insertion of hands in said wash basin and a control unit for timing the activation of said antiseptic. This research work has successfully presented a functional and highly efficient low cost sensor controlled hand sanitizing which is usable in different places within our geographical environment. The main aim of this work is to build a device that will automatically detects a human body nearby to the washing machine by the usage of proximity sensor and then allows the flow of water or antiseptic which uses solar energy as the power source.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFITS OF THIS DESIGN
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF HAND SANITIZING
• HOW GERMS SPREAD
• SUBSTANCES USED FOR HAND SANITIZING
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HAND SANITIZING
• REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
• KEY LOCATIONS FOR HAND SANITIZER
• SELECTING THE RIGHT HAND SANITIZER
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR CELLS
• EFFICIENCIES OF SOLAR PANEL
• BENEFITS OF SOLAR BATTERY CHARGERS
• THEORY OF SOLAR CELLS

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• COMPONENTS USED
• DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• WORKING OF AUTOMATIC HAND SANITIZING MACHINE
• PROGRAMMING THE ARDUINO BOARD
• DESIGN CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS

• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT VIABILITY
• RELIABILITY
• MAINTAINABILITY
• PROJECT EVALUATION
• RESULT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                           INTRODUCTION

1.1                              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Importance of hand sanitizing cannot be over-emphasized, especially in developing nations where eating with hands is a common practice. In some developing cultures, there is always the reluctance of hand washing before meals; and in some, hand washing has become a culturally accepted norm. Eating with the hands was going on for generations before anyone thought of washing their hands first. So along the way, through technology and hygiene practices, people become educated in the improvement of hand sanitizing.

An automatic hand sanitizing machine is an automated hand sanitizing machine invented by Richard Kwarteng and his team in Kumasi. This machine was invited to fight against the novel coronavirus pandemic by not touching the tap before and after sanitizing hands. Richard Kwarteng said he took inspiration from the veronica bucket when he and his team was inventing the machine (Bonney Abigail, 2020)

Hand sanitizing is the single most important way of preventing the spread of infections, according to the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Unwashed or poorly washed hands are very common way of spreading many diseases such as: cold, flu, ear infections, strep throat, diarrhea and other intestinal problems. Germs and viruses causing these diseases are passed on by such routine things as handling food, touching door knobs, shaking hands and putting mouths on a telephone receiver. And in our daily activities we practice one of these either in the offices, at home, in the market places, in the classroom and so on. Good hand washing practices have also been known to reduce the incidence of other diseases, notably pneumonia, trachoma, scabies, skin and eye infections and diarrhea-related diseases like cholera and dysentery, according to World Health Organization (WHO). The promotion of hand washing or sanitizing with soap is also a key strategy for controlling the spread of Avian Influenza (bird flu). After the incidence of SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003, more and more people on their daily lives gave more attention to health habits; the daily number of hand- sanitizing increased than before. This prompted us to contribute with this project as a way to increasing the practice of hand sanitizing in our society so as to remain healthy.

This machine is specially designed for use in the offices, public restroom and as well for the general domestic sanitizing of the hands at home. It dispenses antiseptic automatically. It is handy and easy to use.

As for the automatic type, it turns on and off automatically as it senses any object with energy or heat. In this case, the unnecessary waste of fluid or antiseptic can be avoided. Therefore with all these benefits, the automatic hand sanitizing machine are becoming increasingly popular among schools, families, dining halls, companies or any other public places.

1.2                                    PROBLEM STATEMENT

Conventional automatic hand sanitizer’s power source depends wholly on mains supply.  As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), automatic hand sanitizer is affected by power supply interruption and also the blackout also affect human generally in that it takes away our happiness. However, this device was invented to provide a back-up and reliable power supply to automatic hand sanitizer from a renewable energy source (solar panel).

1.3                                AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE DESIGN

AIM:

The main aim of this work is to build a solar powered based automatic hand sanitizer dispensing machine which is a non contact, alcohol based hand sanitizer dispenser, which can be found useful in hospitals, work places, offices, schools and much more.

OBJECTIVES

The following are the objectives:

1. To provide an uninterruptible power supply to an automatic hand sanitizer
2. To enhance the level of hygiene wherever
3. To increase the level of awareness of people as regards to the proper hand sanitizing in accordance with the policy of the National Orientation Agency in Nigeria.
4. To solve a considerable fraction of the problems associated with hands sanitizing, so as to reduce the risk of disease transfer, between
5. To expose the fact that the proper hand sanitizing after holding or touching objects, using the toilet and even transfer/exchanging money between individuals, will geometrically reduce the rate and/or presence of ill health in the area in question.

1.4                                   PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this work is to enhance regular power supplied hand sanitizing among the people in a safe, cost-effective and hygienic manner.

1.5                                                   SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The sanitizing machine is powered by a solar panel while an ultrasonic sensor allows an individual to sanitize their hands without touch the tap. When sanitizing hands the sanitizing fluid comes out from the tap first for individual to sanitize their hands.

1.6                                              APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

An automatic hand sanitizing machine could be used in public places and homes, has been developed in conformity with the World Health Organisation’s (WHO).

1.7                                            BENEFITS OF THIS DESIGN

Hygiene: Hands sanitizing is an effective way of preventing the spread of germs. Automatic hand sanitizing machine require very little maintenance, and with the development of no-touch technology, there is no need to touch any bacteria-laden surfaces in the process.

1. Cost: Due to the constant maintenance and refills that come along with manual hand sanitizer, automatic hand sanitizer is a cost-effective solution. Automatic hand sanitizing machine last several years and require little maintenance, decreasing the total cost for maintaining the restroom.
2. Waste: Automatic hand sanitizing machine also have more environmental benefits than manual operated hand sanitizer. Switching to the use of automatic hand sanitizer in a public restrooms can be helpful to reduce waste as well as energy.

1.9                                               LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Dealing with the limitation, the only limitation seen in automatic hand sanitizer is that:

1. The operating costs are quite high compare to other means of hand sanitizing system.
2. It cannot work during sunset.

1.10                                       METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the work was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construct the whole circuit.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.11                                                      PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.