Design And Construction Of A Solar Powered Battery Charger With Anti-Theft Laser Security Alarm

ABSTRACT

This project is titled the design and construction of a solar charger with anti-theft laser security alarm. It is designed to meet up with the higher demand of power supply needed to keep our cell phone battery charged and secured.

A solar cell phone battery charger is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It does this by the use of solar panel which is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics– e.g. current, voltage, or resistance– vary when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and support an electric current without being attached to any external voltage source.

The inbuilt anti-theft laser security is an arduino based laser security system, using alarm and SMS based security. The LASER (Light Amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) security is the initial and major security and GSM is the secondary security we have implemented. Here a particular place or area will be laser secured. If the laser is interrupted by any reason then alarm will turn on and GSM will confirm you by sending a SMS that, security is interrupted. Here we have used a photo sensor to detect the laser light and used SIM 808 GSM device for SMS confirmation. Here by reflecting the laser light with mirror, a particular space has been secured by laser, A program has been developed and burnt into the microcontroller of the Arduino module. This system is constructed and tested and found to work satisfactory.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• BUILDING BLOCK OF A SOLAR PANEL

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      OVERVIEW OF LASER
2.2     FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER
2.3     TERMINOLOGY OF LASER
2.4    HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LASER
2.5    DEVELOPMENT OF ARDUINO
2.6    LITERATURE SURVEY OF SOLAR CHARGER
2.7    HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR CELLS
2.8   THEORY OF SOLAR CELLS
2.9    BENEFITS OF SOLAR BATTERY CHARGERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1     INTRODUCTION

3.2      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.3      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES

3.4      LASER ANTI-THEFT SECURITY CIRCUIT

3.5      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.7      PROGRAM CODE

3.8      DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      TESTING AND RESULT OF SYSTEM

4.4      SOLAR PANEL MOUNTING SYSTEMS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      CONCLUSION

5.1      RECOMMENDATION

5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Given the current energy crisis and increasing need for sustainable energy, we endeavored to create a cost-effective, small-scale electrical generator which could be used to power consumer electronics. Solar energy has proven its worth as an alternative energy source because it is low-impact and emission-free. It has been implemented with much success for power grids with hundreds of acres of enormous solar concentrators. In the small-scale, solar energy has been harvested through the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels and have been used to power anything from an iPod to a residential home. Although PV systems are considered part of the green energy revolution, materials utilized for its construction (like silicon) are extremely dangerous to the environment and much care must be taken to ensure that they are recycled properly. PV cells also only utilize the energy stored in specific wavelengths of light and therefore have an approximate efficiency between 14-19%. Sunlight, however, produces immense amounts of heat which only serves to heat up the surface of the solar cell. Although there are some PV cells that have reached efficiency levels over 40% (world record is 41.6%), they are enormously complex and expensive. Concentrated solar power (CSP) works differently because it focuses solar energy in its entirety rather than absorb it. Ultimately, our group will be designing and producing a Solar Powered Battery

Solar battery charger is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Solar chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries. They are an alternative to conventional electrical cellphone battery chargers and in some cases can be plugged into an electrical outlet. This work is on a solar powered battery charger with anti-theft laser security alarm. The function of an anti-theft laser security alarm is to protect the charger from stealing.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

This device was invented to overcome the need for constant power supply for charging of our cellphone. Sometimes there is nothing worse than losing all the charges on your Smartphone especially when you are in the middle of something very important. Usually this happens at the most inconvenient time probably when you are using your phone to surf the web, in the middle of a phone call or when you are desperate to send an important email or text message. Nonetheless, in this dispensation of global village, there is never a good time!  If you are always on the move, the very last thing you would imagine is to have your Smartphone low or even empty on battery. For those who depend largely on their mobile devices, not having enough power for the battery can be a major catastrophe. How else will people reach you or how will you contact people for business or personal reasons when your phone is basically useless as it has gone off on you? All these are problem to our present time, to bring this problem to an end, a solar cellphone charger with anti-theft laser security alarm was built which is a portable device that can supply USB power using stored energy in its built-in batteries.

1.3                                  AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a solar powered battery charger with anti-theft laser security alarm. The objectives of this work are:

1. To design a device that will help keep some battery-powered appliances service by providing you with a portable personal charging system.
2. To provide constant electricity supply or those on the go with portable solar power charging systems (with or without battery)

• To save properties from stealing by alerting the owner of the charger via GSM.

1. To study the operation of laser sensor panel.

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work covers building a solar powered charger with anti-theft device. The study discusses the operation of laser sensor and solar panel. The idea of a solar charger is an excellent one in that it’s meant to allow you an option for charging your battery-powered appliances when you’re in a remote area or just don’t have access to an electrical outlet or car charger.

Laser security circuit was built to send SMS alert to owner of the charger or and activate loud alarm to deter the criminal, which can be interfaced via relay. Loud alarm may be enough to grab everyone’s attention nearby area and deter the thief

1.5                                                      BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

There are several advantages you enjoy when you use a solar charger instead of a conventional mains charger. Unlike conventional energy resources that produce and consume a lot of waste energy from a solar charger draws energy from renewable sources and produces no waste. You can solar charger to use, you can go anywhere, provided you have access to solar energy.

The main advantage behind the invention of these solar powered charges is to save large amount of electrical energy. The solar panels of which will help in converting the solar energy from the sun into electrical energy through various reactions.

Other benefit of solar powered chargers reside in the fact that they allow you to access power outside the national grid. You can charge yours phones even while traveling without depending on electricity. This property has made it possible to make use of these cell phone chargers at any possible place.

Lastly, solar powered charges are eco/environment-friendly. They don’t produce harmful waste, and can be used anytime and anywhere that there is daylight.

1.5                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

This device produces an output of 5v for charging cellphones. In a cloudy or day, solar powered charger isn’t going to be able to store the energy it needs from the sun in order to function. Usually, it needs direct sun in order to store enough in the battery to work efficiently.

1.6                                    BUILDING BLOCK OF A SOLAR PANEL

Assemblies of photovoltaic cells are used to make solar modules which generate electrical power from sunlight. Multiple cells in an integrated group, all oriented in one plane, constitute a solar photovoltaic panel or “solar photovoltaic module,” as distinguished from a “solar thermal module” or “solar hot water panel.” The electrical energy generated from solar modules, referred to as solar power, is an example of solar energy. A group of connected solar modules (such as prior to installation on a pole-mounted tracker system) is called an “array.”