Design And Construction Of An Automated Fire Emergency Control

ABSTRACT

This project is titled design and construction of an automatic fire emergency control system. Fire emergency is an electronics device that is stored in a building to detect the presence of fire accident. An automatic fire emergency system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, an automatic fire emergency system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire emergency systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means every one in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident, a fire alarm system is used.

An automatic fire emergency system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire emergency systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.

An emergency warning system comprises either electronic sounders (applicable to Building Occupant Warning System only) or a network of loudspeakers and/or visual warning devices distributed throughout the building. Loudspeakers and/or visual warning devices are connected to control and indicating equipment.

1.2                                    AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this project is to design and construct an automatic fire emergency for a building that will detect the presence of fire accident in a building and thereby reporting the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services

1.1                           OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.

                                             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fire emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building’s occupants and fire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarm systems. Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and use type, number and type of occupants, and criticality of contents and mission, these systems can provide several main functions. First they provide a means to identify a developing fire through either manual or automatic methods and second, they alert building occupants to a fire condition and the need to evacuate. Another common function is the transmission of an alarm notification signal to the fire department or other emergency response organization.

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The primary advantage of a home automatic fire emergency system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.

Another purpose to obtain remote monitoring services. This becomes important in cases where family members may not be capable of escaping from a fire without assistance. For example, if you have an older or physically impaired person in your home and a fire started when no one was home to assist that person, alarms alone might not be enough to assure their safety.

A feature of most monitoring services is the ability to keep special information on the residence which comes up on the computer screen whenever an alarm is received from that home. Thus, if there is a disabled person in the home who needs special assistance this fact will be known to the operator and can be passed along to the fire department when they are called.

BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

The obvious benefits of fire alarm systems include the early warning benefits that can lead to saved lives and property. Fires can occur anywhere and at anytime. Today’s systems can increase the evacuation time for the occupants of a building so that they are able to get away before the fire spreads out of control. Other benefits include:

• Automatically alerting emergency fire & medical services so help can quickly get to those in need. It can also alert other key contacts such as building owners and facility managers.
• With the precision of addressable systems, fire safety personnel know exactly where the fire is and thus have an easier and less risky job combating the fire and evacuating people from the building safely.
• Employees will feel more comfortable, secure, and happier working in a place that has an appropriate fire alarm system.
• If an auto-triggered fire suppressant systems like sprinklers are installed as part of your fire alarm system that includes suppressing a fire such as through a sprinkler system, it reduces the risks to life and the exposure of a property and its occupants to the hazardous prospects of a fire outbreak.
• With more hospitals and medical facilities embracing fire alarm systems in Nigeria, the feeling of safety within these facilities is at a high. Especially as they are integrated with other advanced system which enhances response time like gas detection and voice evacuation systems. Early fire detection is critical to the timely evacuation of patients in a hospital, especially patients who are unable to move themselves.
• Fire alarm systems can easily be integrated into a remote monitoring system either onsite or offsite.
• Additionally, fire alarm systems have a low entry cost and also the flexibility of where to place the system and its components

APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

1. SMS based Fire Alarm system are very useful in remote locations where human interaction is limited. Such systems are useful in mines, industrial areas, factories etc.
2. Night Owl – We all know owls don’t sleep during night. SMS based Fire Alarm system helps to monitor locations and alert during fire that occurs in night time.
3. Quick Actions to shut down Fire – 90% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire detection. A fire attack is usually silent and people will know about fire only when it has spread across a large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to multiple mobile numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly. This helps to prevent major damages and losses created by a fire accident.

1.3                               PARTS OF FIRE ALARM

Fire alarm composed of the following parts:

• Primary Power supply: Commonly the non-switched 240 Volt Alternating Current source supplied from a commercial power utility. In non-residential applications, a branch circuit is dedicated to the fire alarm system and its constituents. “Dedicated branch circuits” should not be confused with “Individual branch circuits” which supply energy to a single appliance.
• Secondary (backup) Power supplies: This component, commonly consisting of sealed lead-acid storage batteries or other emergency sources including generators, is used to supply energy in the event of a primary power failure.
• Initiating Devices: This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices pull stations, heat detectors, or smoke detectors. Heat and smoke detectors have different categories of both kinds.