Design And Construction Of An Automatic Car Wiper Using Pic 16877A

ABSTRACT

Today’s car wipers are manual systems that work on the principle of manual switching. So here we propose an automatic wiper system that automatically switches ON on detecting rain and stops when rain stops. This system to automate the wiper system have no need for manual intervention. For this purpose we use rain sensor along with microcontroller and driver IC to drive the wiper motor. Our system uses rain sensor to detect rain, this signal is then processed by microcontroller to take the desired action. The rain sensor works on the principle of using water for completing its circuit, so when rain falls on it it’s circuit gets completed and sends out a signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller now processes this data and drives the motor IC to perform required action. The motor driver IC now drives a servomotor to simulate as a car wiper.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• DESCRIPTION OF WINDSCREEN WIPER
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF OTHER AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS WIPERS
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIPER

CHAPTER THREE

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM FLOW CHART
• CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
• DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
• SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
• SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
• CIRCUIT DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER FOUR

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                       INTRODUCTION
Windscreen wiper removes rain and debris from a windscreen. Almost all motor vehicle, including trains, aircraft and watercraft, are equipped with such wipers, which are usually an essential requirement. A wiper generally consists of an arm, pivoting at one end and with a long rubber blade attached to the other. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water from its surface. The speed is normally adjustable, with several continuous speeds and often one or more “intermittent” settings. Most automobiles use two synchronized radial type arms. It takes a lot of force to accelerate the wiper blades back and forth across the windshield so quickly. In order to generate this type of force, a worm gear is used on the output of a small electric motor. The worm gear reduction can multiply the torque of the motor by about 50 times, while slowing the output speed of the electric motor by 50 times as well. The output of the gear reduction operates a linkage that moves the wipers back and forth. Inside the motor/gear assembly is an electronic circuit that senses when the wipers are in their down they are parked at the bottom of the windshield, and then cuts the power to the motor. This circuit also parks the wipers between wipes when they are on their intermittent setting. With drivers exposed to an ever increasing number of distractions, automatic rain-sensing wiper. systems become an even more appealing feature, as they work to minimize the time the driver must take his/her hands off the wheel. These systems detect droplets of rain on the windshield and automatically turn on and adjust the wiper system in accordance to the level of precipitation. Current rain-sensing systems use an optical sensor to detect the presence of water on the windshield, and relay wiper control data to the vehicle’s body control module (BCM). Unfortunately, these optical rain sensors suffer from a small sensing area, are prone to false-positives, and are too expensive to be included as standard equipment in most vehicles.

Over the past two decades, the automotive industry has aggressively researched ways to exploit modern computing and electronic advances in the development of safety, reliability, and entertainment technologies. Despite this, automatic rain-sensing wiper systems are relatively uncommon in modern vehicles for a number of reasons. They are often too expensive, too unsightly, or too unreliable to be desired in new automobiles. Many attempts have been made at constructing an effective, reliable, and cheap rain detection and wiper control system for vehicles speed and intermittent interval automatically according to the amount of rain. To measure the amount of water usually use optical sensor. In this type of sensors uses the fact that the refraction angle and the amount of reflection of the light are different when the windshield is wet. Even though optical sensors are used widely they have some disadvantage. One of disadvantages is the sensitivity to external light. Another problem is occurs when car drive at night or gone through tunnel and even in underground parking. For this many systems still activate the wiper when the car comes out of tunnels or underground parking lot. Another shortfall, maybe a major one is that the sensing area is a relatively small portion of windshield. Hence the system operates only with limited area. The wiper system may fail to activate when there are some raindrops on the driver’s line of sight, but not on the sensing area. They are often too expensive, too unsightly, or too unreliable to be desired in new automobiles Slave system collects the information about like amount of rain, temperature, moisture from sensor and from various other unit. This information sends it towards mater for father processing. Master analysis that data and take a decision and make logic. The decision include at what speeded the wiper motor rotate, and check whether there is any change in outer and inner temperature if there is small changes then no action to be taken, and if there is vast changes in temperature then which will automatically make the response to the presence of moisture and according adjust that temperature and remove moister inside car windshield.
For this a comprehensive study of sensors, actuators and mechanical design was done. Development of hardware module and the software has progress. The basic method used for designing the circuit is that a rain level sensor will detect the amount of rain and give the signal to the controller.

1.2                                             AIM OF THE PROJECT

This objective of this work is design a Wiper motor that is automatically ON during the time of rainfall. The senor is fixed in the vehicle glass. The conductive (Touch) sensor is used in this project. It senses the rainfall and giving control signal to the control unit. The control unit activates the wiper motor automatically.

1.3                                            OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objectives of this project are to upgrade the older cars system by providing automatic wiping system, to improve the system by using sensor with actuator and to design a basic program that will fully operate with the system. The concept of this proposed wiper system is similar with other existing conventional wiper. In spite of removing water from windscreen, this system also will be upgraded to an automatic control system by using a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 16F877A controller and water sensor

• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1. It is used in four wheeler
2. It is used in aircraft

• It is used in train

1. It is used in six wheeler

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This wiper system reduces cumbersome wiper operation and improves driver’s level comfort. It will give a new dimension of comfort and aid to the drivers who work at night and traffic prone areas where they already have to concentrate on brakes and clutch. Other significance includes:

1. Low cost automation project.
2. Free from wear adjustment.

• Less power consumption.

1. Operating principle is very easy Installation is simple.
2. It is possible to operate manually/automatically by providing On/Off switch

Sensor cost is very low due to the use of conductive sensor.

1.6                                    LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Additional cost is required incase optical sensor is used. This system applied in the case of water falling on the glass only.

1.7                                         METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.