Design And Construction Of An Automatic Liquid Level Detector With Display

This device not only capable of cautioning a person that the water tank has been filled up to certain level, but also indicates that the water level has fallen below the minimum detectable level. This circuit is important in appliances such as the water cooler where there is a danger of motor-burnout when there is no water in the radiator used up also it can be used in fuel level indication. Liquid Level Display can be programmed to ‘map’ the shape of a tank so that it is showing true volume rather than just liquid height. With 9 sensors and a seven segment panel, the display provides both a quick visual reference and an accurate numerical reading in real-time.

Fully programmable with a low level alarm, the display is compact and lightweight for easy installation on dashboards and instrument panels.

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

This work is titled design and construction of liquid Level detector. It is best suited for tanks to display the amount of liquid.

The sensing is done by using a set of nine probes which are placed at nine different levels on the tank walls (with probe 9 to probe 1 placed in increasing order of height, common probe (i.e. a supply carrying probe) is placed at the base of the tank). The level 8 represents the “tank full” condition while level 0 represents the “tank empty” condition.

When the liquid-level is below the minimum detectable level (MDL), the seven segment display is arranged to show the digit 0, indicating that the tank is empty, when the liquid reaches level1 (but is below level2) the connection between the probes gets completed (through the conducting medium – water) and the base voltage of transistor increases.

This causes the base-emitter junction of transistor to get forward biased, this switches transistor from cut-off to conduction mode thus PIN (B7) of microcontroller is pulled to ground hence, the corresponding digit displayed by the seven segment display is 1.

The similar mechanism applies to the detection of all the other levels. When the tank is full, all input pins of microcontroller become low. This causes the display to show 8 and also in this case a buzzer sound is given, thereby indicating a “tank full” condition.

Most liquid level detectors are equipped to indicate and detect only a single level. The liquid level detectors implemented here can indicate up to nine such levels and the microcontroller displays the level number on a seven segment display.

There are three parts in this project:-

(i) The Sensor Part

It is generally a fixed support inside the tank having some nuts and bolt with wires coming out.

(ii) The microcontroller Part

It comprises the brain of the module, where in all the various inputs from the sensors are fed. It is the unit from where you will get all the information of how much of water is in the tank.

(iii) The Power Supply 

It is the part where in you will be converting the A/C voltage to a regulated voltage of 12V to the Circuit.

1.2                         OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• To institutionalize social regulations level that govern the allocation, use and management of liquid for the different purposes.
• To achieve equitable and secure access to liquid, sanitation and domestic needs at affordable costs for all households or company within the project area and project period.
• To construct an electronic device that can automatically detect liquid level with high precision.
• To control the supply of liquid.

1.3                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The liquid level detector is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of liquid in the other containers. When liquid such as water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is a wastage of energy and water. To resolve this type of problems this detector is designed to detector the level of liquid in a container or tank

1.4                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• Suitability: This liquid level detector ideally suited for normal liquid as well as for ultra low conductivity liquid with less than 1 micro/moh.
• Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.
• Settings: It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.
• Materials of Construction: this liquid level detector system is protected the against corrosion.
• Safety: This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
• Save roofs when used as water level detector
• Save liquid
• Save electricity

1.5                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used in the following:

1. overhead water tanks,
2. swimming pool boilers,

• factories,

1. chemical plants,
2. Electrical substations and also in other liquid storage systems.

1.6                                              PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

The only problem discovered in this work on the probes.  Sensor probes will likely rust at a fast rate, while high mineral content in the liquid will likely plate to the probes enforcing failure or Causing inaccurate readings.

1.7                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, application, objective, problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.