Design And Construction Of An Automatic Power Supply Control From 4 Different Sources Using Pic Microcontroller

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this project is to provide continuous power supply to a load, by selecting the supply from any of the four sources namely solar, inverter, main and generator automatically in case if one the source is absent. The need of electricity is increasing day by day and the frequent power cuts of electricity are causing many problems in different areas like banks, colleges/schools, hospitals, houses and industries. Thus there is requirement for an alternate arrangement of power supply. This arrangement can be designed by using ARM7 microcontroller and relays. When a source, say mains fails the supply automatically shifts to next priority source generator and so on. LCD can be used to show that which source is used to provide the supply.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• PROJECT ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     OVERVIEW OF POWER SUPPLY

2.2     REVIEW OF THE FOUR DIFFERENT SUPPLIES

2.3      HISTORY OF POWER FAILURE AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY

2.4     HISTORY OF POWER FAILURE AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY

2.5     TYPES OF POWER FAILURE

2.6     RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE

2.7     POWER FAILURE INEVITABILITY AND ELECTRIC    SUSTAINABILITY

2.8     MITIGATION OF POWER OUTAGE FREQUENCY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCK

3.3      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.5      SYSTEM FLOW CHAT

3.5      SYSTEM HARDWARE

3.6      POWER SUPPLY

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.0      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.1      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.4      ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT

4.5      PROJECT VIABILITY

4.6      PROJECT MAINTAINABILITY

4.7      PROJECT EVALUATION

4.8      TESTING, TROUBLESHOOTING AND REMEDY

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.

Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply.

Nowadays, as the demand for electricity is increasing every day and frequent power cuts is causing many problems in various areas like industries, hospitals and houses. An alternative arrangement for power source is a must.

The auto power supply control system is very convenient system for that consumers who want to attains uninterruptible power supply from different sources such as solar, main, generator and inverter. If we see it at commercial level, then we can estimate that there are so many consumers or customers which have the equipment or machines whose requirements is only uninterruptable power supply. Such as the data base companies whose all work is done on computer then it is required an uninterruptable power supply all the time, otherwise their computer could be off during the time when the load is shifted on another source, similarly the companies which have the data base production machines then it also could be also off during the load shifted then their production can be stop or damage. Concentrating on these above problems we can examine the importance of this auto power supply control system in this modern world. Different peoples and companies are working on this auto power supply control system which are making this system with the help of magnetic contactors and power relays but their system is so much costly and do not provide precise uninterruptible power supply. Here we are making this auto power supply control system with the help of power electronics components, microcontroller and electronic relays.

In this project uses four switches to demonstrate the respective failure of that power supply. When any of the switches is pressed it shows the absence of that particular source, switches are connected to microcontroller as input signals. A microcontroller of PIC family is used.

The output of microcontroller is given to the relay driver IC, which switches appropriate relay to maintain uninterrupted supply to the load. The output shall be observed using a lamp drawing power supply from mains initially. On failure of the mains supply (which is actuated by pressing the appropriate switch) the load gets supply from the next available source, say an inverter.

If the inverter also fails it switches over to the next available source and so on. The current status, as to which source supplies the load is also displayed on an LCD. As it is not feasible to provide all 4 different sources of supply, one source with alternate switches are provided to get the same function.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main objective of this project is to design a device that will provide uninterrupted power supply to a load, by selecting the supply source automatically from any available one out of 4 such as: mains, generator, inverter or solar in the absence of power supply. This is done by using microcontroller, relay, switches and LCD. At the end of this work students involved will be able to know:

1. Operation and description of the four different supply.
2. Operation of relays and their connections

• How to connect switches, and LCD

1.3                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main objective of this project is to provide uninterrupted power supply to a load, by selecting the supply source automatically from any available one out of 4 such as: mains, generator, inverter and solar in the absence of power supply.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This project provides an effective solution to provide an alternative power supply during frequent power cuts.

1.5                       APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. This system could be used in that places where we have different sources of supply such as solar, main and wind.
2. This system could be used in industries for supplying the uninterruptible power supply to the industrial machines.
3. This system could be used in educational institutes and hospitals for supplying the uninterruptible power supply to the hospital or educational equipment.
4. This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the electrical ATS panels.
5. This system is less costly as compared to the other power control systems.

1.6                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Four switches are used for four respective sources. These are connected to a microcontroller of 8051 family that provides input signals to it. Whenever a switch is pressed it shows the absence of that particular source. A relay driver is used that receives microcontroller generated output and switches that particular relay to provide continuous power supply. A lamp is used as a load for demonstration purpose which draws power from main. When main fails to supply power, automatically next available source is used say inverter. If inverter fails then the next one is used and so on. An LCD is also used to display which source is being currently used for power supply.

1.7                                     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

In every home, office or industries, this device plays a vital role, that is, It provide auto power supply control from 4 different sources such as mains, generator, and inverter and solar automatically by selecting the supply from any source. This project has been improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.

In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problem was notice such as:

• Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
• Difficulty in connecting the output without the three phases short-circuiting, until a multiplexing circuit was gotten.
• Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required..

1.8                                                  DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHANGEOVER: Generally, a changeover is a system which could be operated manually or automatically , that changes one source of power supply to another source in case of power failure from either of the four sources.

RELAY: relay is one of the major components used in this work which is an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in one circuit to open or close another circuit.

POWER FLUCTUATIONS: is a periodic dip or spikes in the electrical current of any given circuit.

POWER FAILURE: is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.       

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this works is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.