Design And Construction Of Automated Door Opening System Using Ultrasonic Sensor

ABSTRACT

Opening and closing of doors have always been a tedious and boring job, especially in places like; hotels, shopping malls, theaters, etc where a person is always required to open and close the door for visitors. This human involvement can be avoided by automating the process using different sensors like infrared, pressure, ultrasonic, laser etc. In this paper, automatic door control system using Arduino microcontroller was designed. The system combines ultrasonic sensor, servo, and Arduino to achieve the desired goal. When the ultrasonic sensor installed at the entrance of the building detects a person or an object within the range of the sensor, a signal is sent to the Arduino microcontroller which controls the servo motor to automatically open the door. The door remains open until the object goes out of range of the sensor and in turn closes the door automatically. The results clearly show that the system is cheap, effective, and a reliable means of opening and closing doors in places like retail stores, super markets, factories and the like.

Keywords Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor, Automation, Servo Motor, Arduino IDE, PWM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background of the project

• Problem of the study
• Aim and objectives of the project
• Scope of the project
• Significance of the project
• Limitation of the project
• Application of the project
• Project organisation

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Review of related studies
• Review of Door system design and mechanism
• Sensor classification based on property
• Review of ultrasonic sensor
• Review of ultrasonic distance sensor workings
• Uses ultrasonic sensors
• Types of ultrasonic sensors

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLOGY
• Hardware Overview
• Software Overview
• system block diagram
• Control Flow diagram

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• Construction procedure and testing
• Installation of the complete design
• Casing and packaging
• Assembling of sections
• Testing of system operation
• Result

CHAPTER FIVE

• Conclusion
• Limitation
• References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                   INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The market for automated doors is growing and becoming more specialized. The type of product that fits best with a particular application is determined by frequency of operation, speed of operation required, new versus existing construction, traffic flow and cost.

Automatic doors are a normal feature in many commercial buildings and infrastructures such as shopping centers and airports, as well as in industrial environments such as factories. Although they come in variety of types, including sliding, swing, folding, etc; they all need to conform to the highest standards of safety.

In an industrial environment, automatic doors enables the set temperature in cold storage rooms to be maintained by fast opening and closing, leading to considerable energy efficiency and reduction of cost. Automated doors in commercial facilities are the preferred means of access for all users, not only people with disabilities, and are significant aid to accessibility. Moreover, their use minimizes heat or air conditioning loss, maintaining a constant temperature and consequently saving money.

Arduino based door automation system was developed to automate the process of opening and closing of doors. The system uses ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of an object within the range of the sensor and automatically opens the door or closes the door when the object goes out of range of the sensor.

In our system, upon detecting an object by the ultrasonic sensor, it sends an information to the Arduino microcontroller who in turn controls the servo motor to open the door and keep it open until the ultrasonic sensor sends another information that the object is no longer in its range of detection. That is, the sensor keeps the detection area under surveillance by emitting ultrasonic waves.

1.2   Problem statement

People may have difficulty accessing the entry door of hotels, hospitals, offices or even their house because it is difficult for them to turn a key or they cannot maneuver a wheelchair into a position to either open the door or grasp the doorknob. This project the design and construction of ultrasonic based automatic door opening system is aim at solving the difficulty and problem of opening doors manually. The problem/difficulty is solved by using a microcontroller that triggers an ultrasonic sensor to emit ultrasonic wave to the surrounding.

1.3 Aim and objectives of the study

The main aim of this work is to build a device that will automatically open a door by detecting the presence of human approaching the door. The objectives of the study are:

1. To build the system prototype
2. To eliminate human labour involve in opening and closing of doors

• To provide a means of assisting the disabled.

1.4   Scope of the study

The scope of this study covers building an automatic door opening system using a microcontroller that triggers an ultrasonic sensor to emit ultrasonic wave to the surrounding. When the ultrasonic wave hits a target (e.g. Human being) it reflects. The reflected wave gets to the receiver of the ultrasonic sensor which makes a pin (echo pin) of the ultrasonic sensor to be 0volts. The microcontroller is programmed to introduce a voltage (5v) to its pin (pin 37) when the echo pin is 0volts. The 5volts is sent to a relay via a transistor to excite a motor attached to a door to rotate clockwise (door opened). The door closes when the pin (echo pin) is 5volts at then no ultrasonic wave is reflected (i.e. no targets) and the microcontroller is programmed to introduce a voltage (5v) to its pin (pin 38) which is sent to another relay via a transistor to excite the motor attached to the door to rotate anticlockwise (door closed).

1.5  Significance of the study

This study shall serve as a means of making the student and reader of the thesis to understand the importance and advantages of having an automatic doors and also make them to understand the operation and working principle of the ultrasonic sensor.

Limitation of the project

1. The establishment of electric entryways involves a good amount of money related use. This ranges from buying the gate to services for installation. to paying for the administration of the installers.
2. Most of the companies give free after sales services to a certain period of time. However, it is super costly after the time period is lapsed.

• In case of power failure, malfunctioning system or anyone trapped inside your property can cause inconvenience.

1. This device has a limited range to cover.

1.6  Application of the project

Ultrasonic based automatic door aren’t just used for home security only. In industrial fields, they are used on assembly lines to keep track of the number of products and to shut down dangerous equipment if a person gets too close. Here are a few other ways PIR sensors are used (M.I. Skolnik, 1999):

1. To open and close automatic Doors
2. To turn on and off automatic water faucets and toilets

• To turn on lights when a person enters a room

1. To control ATM displays
2. At automatic ticket gates
3. For some parking meters

1.7  Project organisation

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.