Design And Construction Of Automatic School Bell Using Microcontroller

ABSTRACT

Now a day’s many school/college bells are manually operated. Hence there is a huge demand of accuracy. In market there are many digital clocks available with bells but rings only at specific time and cannot stop after specific time. Here a new and inexpensive design is being presented. The benefit of this design is that the bell rings at the start of each period without any human intervention to a great degree of accuracy and hence takes over the manual task of switching on/off the college bell with respect to time. It uses Real Time Clock (DS1307) which tracks the real time. The scheduled time results are related with that of a clock, conversely, some drift is noticed, which is irrelevant. The microcontroller ATmega2560 is used to control all the functions, it gets the time through the keypad and stores it in its memory. When this programmed time equals the real time then the bell is switched on via a relay for a predetermined time. The bell ringing time can be edited at any time, so that it can be reused again and again at normal class timings as well as at exam times. Also it can be made password protected so that no unintended person can operate this system except for the operator. For this a microcontroller has to be programmed using the C language or assembly language for controlling the circuit.

KEYWORDS: DS 1307RTC, Relay, ATmega2560Microcontroller, & LCD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF SCHOOL BELL
• REVIEW OF BELL RINGER
• HISTORICAL BACKCKGOUND OF SCHOOL BELL
• DESCRIPTION OF TIME MANAGEMENT
• THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN LECTURE
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3.3      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4      HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.5      SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

3.6      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1                                             background of the study

In today’s life, everyone gives importance to time. Time does not wait for anybody. Everything should be performed in time and with accuracy. Now a day’s school/college bells are operated manually. Hence there is a big question of accuracy. Also there is necessity of manpower and money. Hence here we have presented a system, which saves our manpower and money and also give highest accuracy. A bell is a percussion instrument used in schools and colleges that indicates the students when it is time to go to the class in the morning and when it is time to change classes during the day. No other instrument can do such a work. So it is an important instrument in both primary and secondary schools and even in the industries and other businesses where the bell timer plays a critical role throughout the day. Clock towers can be heard over long distance which was especially important in the time when clocks were too expensive for widespread use. And also due to literacy awareness the number of colleges, schools and institutions are rapidly increasing. At present bells for periods in schools are operated manually. After every class, one employee is engaged into operating the bell. Automatic college bell helps us to avoid this. This design takes over the task of ringing the bell in colleges as the bell would ring automatically at the schedule time. It has a Real Time Clock(DS1307) which tracks over the real time. When this time equals to the bell ringing time, then the relay for the bell is switched on. The real time clock is displayed on LCD display. This is very wonderful design to control the working of college bell.

1.2    Problem Statement

School bells have been a critical part of all our childhoods which is managed, monitored, timed and always ringed by human being. As a result of the human beings’ control timing, monitoring and ringing can be wrong-timed. But with the advent of technology as many things have been digitalized the school bell has experienced technological advanced.

• Storing entire day timetable with timings
• Sounding buzzer at the end of every period
• Displaying the name of current and next period
• Ability to reprogram the board at any time

1.3      Aim and objectives of the study

The main aim of this work is to build an school bell using microcontroller. The objectives of the project are:

1. To build the system prototype.
2. To Store entire day timetable with timings

• To ring the school at the right time

1.4      Scope of the study

The scope of this work covers building a digital school bell and schedule time display system using microcontroller using Inbuilt Real Time Clock (DS1307 /DS 12C887) which tracks over the Real Time. When this time equals to the Bell Ringing time, then the Relay for the Bell is switched on. The Bell Ringing time can be edited at any Time. The microcontroller was programmed using the C language or assembly language for controlling the circuit.

1.5      Advantages of the Project

1. It is an automation system.
2. Human errors can be avoided.

iii. Safety is assured.

1.6      Applications of the project

1. It is used in colleges, schools.
2. Also used in industries.
3. In railway station and airport.
4. Digital watches, washing machine, oven.

1.7 Project Organization

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuss the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                                                CONCLUSION

The basic design of the Automatic School Bell (mainly for Primary and Secondary Schools) in this work remains the same though extra functions can be included. This will ring the School Bell at pre-scheduled times of periods on each day. There are different times per period varying from one school to the other. The basic design provides an opportunity of selecting the suitable time schedule for every school by momentarily pressing one of the push-to-on switches. This signals the microcontroller to carry out the specific task, thereby ringing the bell at a regular time interval. Therefore, from the results obtained, it can be concluded that the aim of this work has been practically and theoretically achieved.

5.2                                                  RECOMMENDATIONS

The device (digital school bell using microcontroller) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.

This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.

Working on this topic (digital school bell using microcontroller) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.