Design And Construction Of Emergency Lighting System Based Upon Object Detection

ABSTRACT

An emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that switches on automatically when an object is detected. Emergency lights are standard in new commercial and high occupancy residential buildings, such as college dormitories. Most building codes require that they be installed in older buildings as well. It is powered by a rechargeable battery that is being charged by the main power line when there is no blackout.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.2     REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION

2.4      THE ROLE OF SENSORS IN YOUR HOME SECURITY

2.5      TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS

2.6      OTHER MOTION SENSOR FEATURES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.6     COMPONENTS LIST

3.7     DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4     TESTING

4.5     INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1                                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern lives require a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If you experience a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure “spoils” your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website.

Emergency lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure these portable lights are able to instantly illuminate through battery backup and never allow us to stumble in the darkness. Although you will find a variety of them in different shapes and sizes in the market, but building your own emergency light at home can be a totally different experience. It will not only help you to create a quality design but also will acquaint you to the technical aspects of the unit. Besides, you also get an opportunity to customize the circuit as per your own needs.

The idea of the present emergency light circuit is truly compact, highly advanced, and may be kept plugged into the mains socket for a permanent automatic operation. The use of a rechargeable battery makes it infinitely long lasting.

1.3                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Manual operation of an AC switch involves labour, waste of time and also can expose the user to electric shock. In order to solve these problems this device was invented which switches ON or OFF of an AC light at the detection of human close to the sensor.

1.4                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of the work is to construct a device that an object (human) approaches the sensor the lamp automatically illuminates. The objectives of the study are:

1. To understand how motion sensors works
2. To control light automatically

• To save energy

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device Provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut. Required especially in villages where there are long power cuts. Important to install it near stairs or the place where level changes. Near safety signs it should be installed.

Basically a battery packed light device. This automatically switched on when the light is switched off or there is a blackout. Common in commercial and standard residential buildings. This device is:

1. Battery Efficient
2. Pollution free.
3. Easy to use.
4. Very cheap
5. Easy to install anywhere.

1.6                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Automatic Emergency light is often considered same as a light device running on an inverter. It is considered a device which has its one end connected to a power source and when the power supply is cut, the bulb glows with the power of inverter. emergency lighting work on the principle that when a power failure occurs in a household at night, a power failure light responds to provide emergency illumination so that the occupants may move about safely in order to take measures to restore the illumination either by changing fuses, if necessary, or by finding and deploying other light sources such as candles, portable electric lanterns, or the like.

1.6                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1. Not Durable
2. A bit delicate circuit

1.7                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• This is very simple circuit and the cost is also very less.
• power is saved because the circuit switches the LEDs based on light conditions

1.8                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• Used in child’s study rooms to avoid the sudden power failure.
• As an emergency lamp in homes.
• Used in security systems to switch ON the lights automatically during the power failure.

1.9                          PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.