Design And Construction Of Piezoelectric Footstep Power Generation System For Charging The Mobile Phone With RFID Smart Card Authentication

ABSTRACT

Day by day, the population of the country is increasing and the requirement of the power is also increasing. At the same time the wastage of energy is also increasing in many ways. So, reforming this energy back to usable form is the major solution. So, in this footstep power generation project, we are generating power with the help of human’s footsteps either by walking or running. It uses the piezoelectric sensors. To generate a voltage from footstep the piezo sensors are mounted below the platform. Also, it consists of a USB mobile phone charging point where a user may it Connect cables to charge the mobile phone from the battery Charge. The current is distributed using (radio-frequency Identification) RFID cards so that only an authorized person can use the generator for charging. Thus we charge a Battery using power from footsteps, display it on LCD using a Microcontroller circuit and allow for mobile charging through the setup.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
• SCOPE AND LIMITATION
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     EVOLUTION OF PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR

2.2     PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

2.3     PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC

2.4      PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

2.5      DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0          METHODOLOGY

3.1          BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2     CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3     CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4     COMPONENTS USED

3.5     APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

3.6     ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

3.7     DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1     CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2     ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3     CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4    MOUNTING PROCEDURE

4.5    TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.6    RESULT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• FUTURE SCOPE

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                              INTRODUCTION

1.1                                                              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There are many conventional methods of energy generation but these are depleting very vastly hence non-conventional energy system are very essential at this time and age we are now. Therefore, an alternate method of non-conventional energy is proposed in this project.

This energy is not based on the burning of fossil fuel or splitting of atoms. The renewed interest in this field of study comes from the undesired effect of pollution both from burning of fossils fuels and from nuclear waste byproduct.

The non-conventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, with the aid of a ‘‘piezoelectric sensor’’.

Energy is anything which gives us the ability to do work. We also know that how rapidly the population is increasing day by day hence it is becoming very difficult to fulfill the requirements of every individual. Also, we know that today we cannot imagine our lives without electronic items. But the major challenge we face in using them is the charging and for charging we use electricity thus to fulfill our requirements of electricity we are exploiting the resources at a speed. Thus, to overcome this problem we have a solution named Footstep power generation which is based on the principal of piezoelectric effect. It is the effect in which certain materials try to poses an electrical charge in response to applied mechanical stress on it. The inserted piezoelectric material result to charging by changing the mechanical weight applied into current and that is stored in a battery and further used to charge the mobile by using RFID card.

1.2                                 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT

Can we imagine a world were by people could easily get access to power whenever they want to, most especially in some parts of Africa? This technology increases the chance of its possibility, giving the ordinary man the access to power without having to spend much. The cost of fuel has become unstable and it has also become ridiculously scarce that the ordinary man may not be able to afford it but with cheap and non-conventional ways of generating power such as this, people would be able to have access to clean power, and there would be regular continuity in human services, making the environments free from toxic substances caused by these burnt fuel fossils that is harmful to human begins.

1.3                                 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this project is to successfully design and implement a non-conventional way of generating dc power using a piezoelectric sensor, which would have an output voltage of 5volts which can charge phone batteries.

The objectives are as follows:

1. To provide a non-conventional way of power generation.
2. To ease continuity in human services.
3. To set the output voltage of the circuit to be 5volts.
4. To protect and give user authorization using RFID technology.

1.4                                    BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

The benefits of designing and implementing this system are:

1. It is cheap and easy to access, inexhaustible, pollution free and renewable source of energy device.
2. It can charge more than one phone battery.
3. It should be a welcome idea, which is a way of developing the country.

1.5                                 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this project is to develop much cleaner, secured, cost effective way of power generation, which in turns helps to bring down the global warming, reducing the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants making the environment more serene for living as well as to reduce power shortages.

1.6                                                     JUSTIFICATION

The piezoelectric sensor came into existence because humans tend to exhaust and waste lots of energy especially from locomotion which can be effectively utilized. Electricity can be generated from resources like water, wind etc. to generate the electricity from these resources development of which requires big plants having high maintenance cost. Moreover, considering the overemphasized need for power due to the increase in population, unstable power supply and sometimes scarcity in fuel supply.  With innovations like this, power could be generated easily allowing continuity in human services, which requires minimal maintenance cost and also help develop the country. It can be used for charging an electronic device battery for emergency purpose where there is no direct source of electricity. This was the problems that lead to the development of the idea of a piezoelectric sensor. To make the generation of power more clean and usable for production.

1.7                                   SCOPE AND LIMITATION

It also displays the charge generated by our footstep and displays it on an LCD. Also, it consists of a USB mobile phone charging point where a user may connect cables to charge the mobile phone from the battery charge. The current is distributed using (radio-frequency identification) RFID cards so that only an authorized person can use the generator for charging.

1.7                              APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

Foot step power generation system has many applications, but some of them are given below:

• Mobile charging
• street lighting
• bus station lighting
• emergency power failure stations
• Rural areas etc

1.9                                         METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10                                           PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.