Detection Of Power Grid Synchronization Failure On Sensing Frequency And Voltage Beyond Acceptable Range

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The modern society is so much dependent upon the use of electrical energy that it has become a part and parcel of our life. Several new trends have already employed in the electricity infrastructure. It includes the expansion of the existing grid with micro grids and mega grids, extensive sensors, data processing, visualization tools, etc. For synchronization of all power generating station with State as well as National power grid we have selected three parameters voltage, frequency and phase angle between voltage and current if any of these parameters is violated due to any abnormality or fault the power station will not be able to fulfill all the three condition for synchronizations.
The detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range is very important in that power generation systems, where different supply sources are connecting parallel together for supplying the uninterruptible power supply to a single loaded bus bar. But for connecting the different supply sources on a single bus bar there are some limitations, such the voltage and frequency both should be same of the connecting power sources. If the both limitations are not fulfilled by the connecting power supply sources then the more current could be pass through any source or output load, resulted damaged or destroy the supply source or connecting load. For this purposes, the supply voltage and supply frequency both are detected continuously, when both are same then synchronized or connected parallel all the supply sources.

power grid synchronization failure occurs when one or many sources continue to feed power to a part of the grid that is disconnected from the main utility. Islanding situations can damage the grid itself or equipments connected to the grid and can even compromise the security of the maintenance personnel that service the grid. Therefore, according to IEEE1547 standard, power grid synchronization failure should be identified and disconnected in 2 seconds. The main aim of this work is to build a device that detects power grid synchronization failure.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
For the detection of synchronization and failure of synchronization, different companies are made different systems with the help of different controllers, voltage sensors and frequency sensors, but their system is so much expensive and complex. Here we have designed a system that is called a detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range with the help of pic microcontroller 18F452. This system disconnects the output load when synchronization failure is occurred and save the output load.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this paper is to detect the failure of synchronization in power grid. This is a demonstration devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in case any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in frequency and voltage levels.

1.4 APPLICATION OF STUDY
This detecting power grid synchronization failure system on sensing frequency or voltage beyond the acceptable range could be used in that power houses where different supply sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy demand.
This system could be used in home automation system, where the consumer has different energy sources such as solar or wind energy. By using this system, the consumer load could be automatically shifted to another source of energy.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work seeks to design automatic and efficient fault detection and location system for both overhead and underground power transmission network system using both existing fault indicator technology and commercially proven communication technology to quickly and accurately pin point faulted sections of a transmission system.

1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE STUDY
• Here we can use, beyond the acceptable range could be used in that power houses where different supply sources are connected parallel together to fulfill the energy demand
• By using this system, the consumer load could be automatically shifted to another source of energy.
• This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the manual system.
• It secured the power of the grid coming from different power stations by detecting the abnormal conditions of frequency and voltage beyond its acceptable
• It prevents the synchronization failure between power grid and feeder.

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.