The Fabrication Of Intelligent Reverse Braking System (PDF/DOC)
ABSTRACT
Now-a-days safety is become important aspects of automobile industries. And automation is the key which keep the safety at our fingers. In other words, an unskilled or less exampled can handle the automobile vehicle with greater with safety. Various accidents happen with the automobile vehicles which cause serious injury, and inefficient braking is most probable reason. It is incontestable, statistically proved fact, that year on year incidents involving a reversing vehicle account for between 20-30% of all reported work related serious injuries or fatalities.[1] While parking or taking reverse turn, driver unable to see what is behind the vehicle and obviously up to what distance, eventually vehicle strike with the obstacle behind.[7] Presently, cars have the alarm system where when the car gets too close to an object an alarm is triggered which warns the driver about an object close by. But this feature has produced lot of problems and is prone to human error. We have enhanced the facility by using the same system but we have altered it so that the car brakes automatically when an obstacle is close by. [5] This seminar introduces a control systems based on electronically controlled automotive braking system is called “Intelligent Reverse Braking System”. A Sensor Operated Pneumatic Brake consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system. The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path, the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking system. The pneumatic breaking system is used to brake the system. So basically here the car brakes on its own by determining the distance from the object. [5]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- NEEDS OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- LITERATURE SURVEY
- OVERVIEW OF MECHANICAL BRAKE
- TYPES OF BRAKE
- HOW BRAKING SYSTEM WORKS
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCK
- WORKING OPERATION
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION AND RESULTS
- PREVENTIVE AUTO MAINTENANCE
- COMPONENTS OF AUTO BRAKING SYSTEM
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
An intelligent reverse braking system is compiled with IR sensor circuit which operates a pneumatic braking system. The main target for this project is cars can run reverse automatic braking due to obstacles when the sensor senses the obstacles. The braking circuit function is to brake the car automatically after received signal from the sensor. This mainly concern in replacement of human effort by the mechanical braking. So it is the best safety feature for the vehicles. The pneumatically braking system stops the vehicle in 2 to 3 seconds when speed running speed is of 50 Km and the distance of stopping the vehicle is 1.6m. The Intelligent braking system is fully automated. To allow the driver to park the vehicle in tight place, it has parking mode system. In this mode sensor sensing length is reduced to 40cm distance. [7] Degrees of automation are two types: [5]
- Semi Automation
- Full Automation
The semi automation is manual efforts with mechanical power whereas in full automation manual participation in the work is very negligible. Intelligent automatic reverse braking is of full automation type automation.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled automotive braking system is called “AUTOMATIC REVERSE BRAKING SYSTEM”. This Braking system is consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system.
1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT
Need of Automatic Reverse Braking Years ago, when car is get too close to an obstacle an alarm is triggered which worn the driver. In this process human error is also included. The actual time to stop the car is response time taken by the driver plus the time required to taken by the braking system to brake the car and time of response of driver is much greater. [5] Hence, it is required to make automatic reverse braking. We use pneumatically operated reverse braking which is activate when IR sensor senses an obstacle. This system is mainly divided into two categories according to operation: A) Electronic operation B) Mechanical operation.
- A) Electronic operation For the detection of obstacle behind the car, the IR sensor transmitter and receiver circuit is required. The output from this circuit is sends to the solenoid valve which helps in pneumatic braking.
- B) Mechanical operation When IR sensor gives input to solenoid valve then a pneumatic brake applied to the car. For this operation pneumatic force is used to apply the brake.
Benefits to the Customers Intelligent reverse braking system offers the safe driving with reliable reverse braking. As it uses pneumatic force to operate the brake, it does not require any manual force which consequently reduces the fatigue in braking.
1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- For automobile application
- Industrial application
1.5 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- Brake cost will be less.
- Free from wear adjustment.
- Less power consumption
- Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.
- It gives simplified very operation.
- Installation is simplified very much.
- To avoid other burnable interactions
- Less time and more profit.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The Advantages of Pneumatic Systems Pneumatic control systems are widely used in our society, especially in the industrial sectors for the driving of automatic machines. Pneumatic systems have a lot of advantages:
(1) High effectiveness.
(2) High durability and reliability.
(3) Simple design.
(4) High adaptability to harsh environment.
(5) Safety.
(6) Easy selection of speed and pressure.
(7) Environmental friendly.
(8) Economical.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Limitations of Pneumatic Systems Although pneumatic systems possess a lot of advantages, they are also subject to many limitations such as:
(1) Relatively low accuracy.
(2) Low loading.
(3) Processing required before use.
(4) Uneven moving speed.
(5) Noise.
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