Impact Of Information And Communication Technology On Effective Teaching Of Biology

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
• SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
• SCOPE OF STUDY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INFORMATION
• COMMUNICATION
• TECHNOLOGY
• INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
• MULTIMEDIA
• BIOLOGY
• TEACHING
• USE OF ICT IN TEACHING BIOLOGY

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• RESEARCH DESIGN
• POPULATION OF STUDY
• SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
• INSTRUMENTATION
• RESEARCH PROCEDURE
• METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0          RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDS

• INTRODUCTION
• TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
• SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The year 2000 altered the way of doing business with analog technology and ushered in a new kind of technology- digital technology. It was the beginning of the introduction of personal computers to the general public. Prior to this time, in the year 1999 to be precise, there was so much fuss about being Y2K compliant.  In other words, everyone was to get ready in embracing the use of the personal computer from the year 2000. Being Y2K compliant was about being computer literate.

With the introduction of personal computers into the business environment, the use of typewriters became obsolete; hence the computer was more effective and efficient than the typewriter. Moreover, the computer, for the first time, became a general-purpose device that can be used by everyone, irrespective of profession, occupation, or vocation.

Leveraging on the effectiveness and efficiency of the computer, professionals in various fields of endeavours started engaging the services of softer developers to develop application software suitable for use in their various disciplines.

At this point in time, anyone without the knowledge of the use of the computer was likened to an illiterate who can neither read nor right. Thus, various organizations, including government agencies, had to send their personnel for computer training courses, with the threat that any member of staff who was unwilling to be computer literate would be considered unfit for the job and would no longer be a staff of the organization. This was because most people, particularly the aged, were resistant to the change of shifting from the use of paper documents to electronic documents. There was also the fear that the computer would be used to replace humans at the work place.

The advent of the computer changed the way data was being processed and transformed to information from paper documentation to electronic storage. As a result, different storage devices with different storage capacities were developed; ranging from computer hard disc, Floppy Disc, Compact Disc Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disc Re-Writable (CD-RW), Flash Drives, and Memory Cards. The use of this various storage devices greatly resulted in storing large volume of information in just a tiny device, as against volumes of paper dumped in the office which makes the filing and sorting of documents a herculean task. Thus, information storage and file sorting became less cumbersome.

As people gradually become adaptable to the use of the computer, educational organizations began to develop software for their examination candidates in addition to hardcopy brochures and syllabuses, which serve as guide and further instructional manual on the rules and regulations guiding the examination. In Nigeria for instance, educational bodies like the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), West African Examination Council (WAEC), National Examination Council (NECO), and the National Board for Technical Education, for instance, develop software for their examination candidates in addition to the hard copy syllabuses.

In addition to software development, educational boards and institutions introduced Computer Based Test (CBT) for their candidates. The effect of this was, and still is, a faster release of examination scores of candidates for prospective admission into higher institutions of learning.

Slowly but surely, educational institutions started furnishing their offices with Desk Top computers and their class/lecture rooms with multimedia projects; while students were being mandated to purchase Lap Top computers for their use in Power Point seminar presentations in the classroom. Also, through the internet, teachers/lecturers can now send and receive class assignments via emails.

As technology keeps evolving, various applications and software for online learning were being developed. Most foreign universities started running online degree programs through the use of Skype and Web Cameras (Webcam).

Today, the outbreak of the Corona Virus (Covid-19) could be said to be a blessing in disguise, as various online platforms, which before now were not known or popular, have now become the ‘New Normal’ in learning and teaching today. Such virtual learning and teaching platforms include, but are not limited to the following: Zoom, Microsoft Team, Google Classroom, School Gate, to mention but a few. Without, these e-learning applications, the global lockdown imposed all over the world would have affected the education sector drastically. But even though the physical buildings of schools were shut down, students were engaged in virtual learning at their homes across various platforms through the use of Cable Television, Desk Top Computers, Laptops, and Smartphones. All these were made possible because of the technological revolution known as the Information and Communication Technology.

A major breakthrough of the use of the computer is the introduction of the internet. The internet revolutionized the way people communicate. Prior to the internet, the post office was arguably the major source of sending and receiving information through letter writing which require the purchase of stamp worth the destination of the document.

However, as email addresses were introduced both for corporate and individual uses, sending and receiving information made communication easier and more efficient, as files, which hitherto would be taking to the post office for dispatch to various destination and which would only arrive after some days, can now be sent via email addresses and delivered to the recipient in seconds.

• Statement of the problem

Although work has been done on the use of the computer in enhancing teaching and learning, not much has been done on the use of virtual e-learning applications brought about by the rapidly evolving world of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), a gap in knowledge which this work intends to fill.

• Purpose of the Study

The main aim of this work is to find out the impact of Information Communication Technology to the teaching of biology in private secondary Schools in Bemil area, Ojodu, Berger, Lagos specifically.

• Research Questions

The following research questions were designed to guide this study:

1. Does Information Communication Technology have relevant on the teaching of biology in the secondary school?
2. Does Information Communication Technology provides individualize instruction on biology?
3. Does Information Communication Technology encourage self learning skills by students on their pace and time?
4. Is it true that Information Communication Technology promotes the effective teaching of biology?
5. Does Information Communication Technology assists biology students to widen their knowledge?
6. Does Information Communication Technology enhance the teaching and learning process?
7. Does Information Communication Technology guides and assists students in searching for quantitative materials?
8. Has Information Communication Technology develops enquiry learning habits?
9. Does Information Communication Technology solve the problems of study habits of the students?
10. Does Information Communication Technology broads the knowledge of biology students?
11. Does biology as a subject needs Information Communication Technology?

• Research Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were generated to guide this study:

H0₁:  There is no significant relationship between the information communication and technology and effective teaching of biology in the secondary school.

H0₂:  There is no significant relationship between the information communication and technology and individualization on biology.

H0₃:  There is no significant relationship between the information communication and technology and self learning skills by biology on their pace and time.

• Significance of Study

This work will be of benefit to school owners and administrators in knowing the options they have in regards to what e-learning applications are best suitable for schools; also, it will increase the knowledge of the teacher in the use of various e-learning applications available at his/her disposal; moreover, this study will be most useful for students in being up to date with current educational technological innovations.

• Operational Definition of Terms

Computer: This includes all electronic devices capable of sending and receiving audio/visual files such as desktops, laptops, ipads, androids, ios, smart television, etc.

Virtual: The use of mobile applications and software to meet and interact electronically through the internet.

E-learning: An approach on remote teaching and learning aided by the use of the internet and applications/software.

Information: – This can be defined as a resource which has no value on till is extracts process and utilize.

Information Technology: – This refers to the gathering, creations processing, presentation, storage and dissemination of information and the processes, devices that enable all this to be doing.

Teaching: –This is the act of imparting knowledge to learners through the interacting of both teachers and student with the use of effective Tools/Method.

• Scope of Study

The scope is the boundary set for the study therefore, in this work which is on the “impact of Information and Communication Technology on the effective teaching of biology for five (5) selected private secondary schools in Bemil area, Ojodu, Berger, Lagos”. The researcher is limiting the scope to cover the area of the use of Information Communication Technology on the teaching of biology in the private school; especially in this Modern Generation.

1.9                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.