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Management And Conservation Of Inland Fisheries Resources

(A Case Study Of Osimiri Dudu Flood Pond In Anambra State)

5 Chapters
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76 Pages
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9,672 Words

The management and conservation of inland fisheries resources play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity, supporting livelihoods, and ensuring food security. Effective governance strategies, including the implementation of sustainable fishing practices, habitat restoration initiatives, and the establishment of protected areas, are essential for preserving the delicate balance of aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, community engagement and stakeholder collaboration are pivotal for promoting stewardship and fostering a sense of ownership among local populations. Embracing innovative technologies, such as remote sensing and data analytics, can enhance monitoring efforts and inform evidence-based decision-making processes. Moreover, fostering awareness through education and outreach programs is imperative for instilling a conservation ethic and garnering support for conservation initiatives. By adopting a holistic approach that addresses ecological, social, and economic dimensions, inland fisheries management can contribute to the resilience and vitality of freshwater ecosystems, thereby ensuring their sustainability for present and future generations.

ABSTRACT

In this research work the important of appropriate institutional arrangements for the development of in-land fisheries enhancement strategies in Anambra state is emhasined .
Chapter one contains a general discussion based on the general trend of fish production in most intend water bodies in Nigeria and high lighted some factors which where though to be responsible for the drastic decline . furthermore this chapter highlighted the activities of some of various institutional that are responsible for coordinating the activities of in-land water bodies in Nigeria can the view of some individual contributor. It went further to state the problem and limitation of the study and finally the definition of terms.
In addition a number of case studies of traditional fisheries management techniques operated at the village level example construction if fish shelters in seasonal pools as well as some other related materials are outlined and reviewed in chapter two as part of literature review.
Chapter three deal of literature review the method used in collecting data of the study the way the questionnaire were constructed distributed and the treatment of data.
Chapter four deal with data presentation and analysis.
This paper finished in chapter five with an identification of the opportunities and constraints for future fisheries enhancement strategies in Nigeria. It also contains the conclusion drawn from all the analysis and findings of the research work can the recommendation made.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table contents
List of tables

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research question
1.5 Hypothesis formulation
1.6 Significance of study
1.7 Scope of study
1.8 Limitation of study
1.9 Definition of terms
Chapter reference

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Meaning and concept of fishers management
2.2 The concept of sustainability in fisheries management
2.3 Impact of environmental degradation in –land fisheries management
2.4 An evaluation of tropical wetland with emphasis on its uses and benefits
2.5 An overview of traditional modern and mix management system in in-land water bodies
2.6 The effect of pesticides of on fish production in fisheries management

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction to the study
3.2 Research design
3.3 Area of study
3.4 Population of the study
3.5 Sample size determination
3.6 Instrument for data collection
3.7 Validation of then research instrument
3.8 Reliability of the instrument
3.9 Method of data collection
3.91 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Testing of hypothesis
4.3 Summary of result

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Discussion of result finding
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Suggestions for further study
Reference
Bibliography
Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In recent years there has been a growing concern that the fisheries in most water bodies in Nigeria a have been increasingly over exploited leading to reduction in socio- economic benefits far local communities and they regional economy in general. It has been estimated that most of the world’s major inland fisheries are now at their maximum level of exploitation (FAO1995) for example before now the formal East central state now consist of (Anambra Imo Enugu and Abuja) were know for their richness in terms of natural resources particularly in the area of fish production. For instance during 1980’s about 40% of the total fish supplied in Nigeria were produced form these region. But as time goes on there become a drastic decline in fish production from these region.
This became a matter of specially concern to the people of these region. However it is on record that recently specifically in March 2005 that president Obasanjo in his official visit to Delta State was asked why the present government is hesitating in signing into law a bill that would pave way for the draining of River Niger in the region in order to allow for confluence of Rivers so as to increased fish spawning. His answer was” there are more it takes to attaining full production in fisheries production than only to draining Rivers”
Meanwhile, combinations of factors were though to be responsible. Firstly environmental changes caused by drought and dam construction has resulted on lower fish production. Secondly an intensification of fishing effort has been brought about increased communalization the introduction of modern gears restriction (such as gears net mesh net etc) which are used in capturing fish. Furthermore welcome and Barthey discovered that catches from in-land fisheries are Indic line state due to deteriorating quality of aquatic environment and poor management. Similarly Nigeria and Biosphere (an association responsible for the studying of intercalation ship between man and living organism) in 1990 organized an educative seminar on Nigerian water bodies which in broad sense includes flood plain lake reservoir and swamp

Despite all these protective effort capture fisheries remains highly vulnerable to over exploitation and degradation. It follows therefore that if fisheries enhancement are to be successful the problems of overexploitations and degradation must be address in parallel from the out-set. In response to the need for better understanding of in-land fisheries management and to investigate the possibilities for designing a more effective approach to fisheries management the researcher takes Osimiri Dudu flood pond in Anambra State as a case study. A particular focus of the project is to investigate whether traditional management system which were perceive to be successful and well adopted to local condition could be use as a basis for community based approach to fisheries management in the future in in-land fisheries management.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There have been a concerted effort by Anambra State River basin authority (ASEBA) and some organized private sector individuals to improve productivity of fish in here various water bodies recently for instance federal government and state government recently conducted a research work which was assisted by food and agriculture organizaiton (FAO) to find out the rate at which fishes propagate in in-land water bodies in Nigeria Similarly there have been also series of seminars and work-shop geared towards educating fishermen for the need for the conservation of Nigerian water bodies.
Inspite of all these effort most water bodies in Nigeria are still in declining trend. This left the researcher with no other option than only to ponder: what really are the cause of the low productivity? Is it possible that an accurate assessment of the status of these in in-land fisheries have not been conducted? Or could it be a lack of detailed information to the stake- holders? Or is the management techniques in use are not suitable? These are what the researcher want to find out in this research work and suggest a possible solutions to the problems.
The challenge to this research work is to therefore to find some management system that would best support fisheries management in the state in finding and implanting its approach by specifying institutional arrangement that would prevent degradation and over exploitation occurring in the first place rather than trying to find way to repair the damages ones it has occurred. Such strategy make clear economic sense. It is also ecologically desirable in line with precautionary principle in that there is no guarantee that renewable natural resources degradation is reversible.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
From all that has been written it is the objective of this study:
1. To find out why productivity in most in-land water bodies in Nigeria especially that of Osimiri Dude is very low
2. To find a means of minimizing over- exploitation in Nigeria water bodies
3. To determine the cause of the deteriorating quality of aquatic environment in Nigeria.
4. To degraded status of our water bodies.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
As a guide to finding solution to the research problem the research posed the following research questions.
1. What are the effect of using toxic substance in fishing activities?
2. Does environment changes have any impact on in-land fisheries management?
3. What type of management system does local fishermen proffered most?
4. How does drought and dam construction effect fish stocking?
5. What time of the year does over concentration of fishermen occurs in water bodies?
6. Is there any policy or programme regulating fishing activities?
7. Why does over-exploitation occur in Nigerian fishery industries?

1.5 HYPOTHESIS FORMULAITON
The following hypothesis forms the frame work for carrying out the study.
H0: Using toxic substance during fishing does not effect fish propagation
H1: Using toxic substance during fishing effect fish propagation
H0: Traditional management of system is not the best and general acceptable
management system in local community in fisheries management
H1: Traditional management of system is the best and general acceptable
management system in local community in fisheries management

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It should be recognized that the fundamental issue as regards to fisheries management in most cases is the allocation of scarce (natural) resource to alternate ends. For example in the case of water bodies which contains major in-land fisheries as population pressure and other stress increase the natural resources become increasingly scare and become valuable. However because in many cases invitational management do not exist (or inadequate ) for the allocation of resource free and open access to increasingly valuable resources result inevitably in the degradation.
As a result of this, this study become very important especially today that all hands are on deck to develop Nigerian economy. this study will be of immense benefit to both public sector organization and organized private sector in the fishery industries in addition the study will determine the factor limiting fish production in this sector of economy (fishing industries). It is expected that the findings will help to rediscover the past abundant fish production in in-land water bodies in Nigeria.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is very wide if it has to be carried out in all inland fisheries resource of Nigeria. The study is limited based on the fact that there is no tome and material resources to see to the whole nation

1.8 LIMITATION
Considering the time factor financial constraints, material resources at the researcher disposal and the fast approaching higher national diploma examination of the researcher the researcher therefore limit his study to Osimiri Dude flood pond in Anambra State. This is to enable him finish on time. Though he findings may not be valid for the whole in-land water bodies in the country. But on the whole what happens in water bodies in Anambra State can said to apply to other water bodies in the country.

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The management and conservation of inland fisheries resources are critical for ensuring sustainable fisheries, food security, and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems. Inland fisheries encompass a wide range of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and wetlands, and they contribute significantly to the livelihoods of many communities worldwide. Effective management and conservation strategies are necessary to prevent overexploitation, habitat degradation, and biodiversity loss. Here are some key principles and approaches for managing and conserving inland fisheries resources:

  1. Regulation and Enforcement:
    • Establish and enforce regulations, including fishing seasons, gear restrictions, catch limits, and size regulations to prevent overfishing and ensure responsible harvesting practices.
  2. Research and Monitoring:
    • Conduct regular assessments of fish populations, aquatic habitats, and ecosystem health to track changes over time and inform management decisions.
    • Monitor fishing effort, catch data, and fisher behavior to detect trends and adapt management strategies accordingly.
  3. Habitat Conservation:
    • Protect and restore critical aquatic habitats such as spawning areas, wetlands, and riparian zones to maintain healthy fish populations.
    • Implement measures to reduce habitat degradation from factors like pollution, sedimentation, and deforestation.
  4. Community Involvement:
    • Involve local communities, indigenous people, and fisherfolk in decision-making processes to ensure that management strategies consider their traditional knowledge and livelihoods.
  5. Stock Enhancement:
    • Implement controlled stocking programs where appropriate to supplement natural fish populations and support fisheries’ sustainability.
    • Ensure that stocking practices are based on sound ecological principles and that introduced species do not harm native biodiversity.
  6. Ecosystem-Based Management:
    • Adopt an ecosystem-based approach that considers the interactions between species, habitats, and environmental factors to promote overall ecosystem health.
    • Recognize the interconnectedness of aquatic ecosystems and the need to manage them holistically.
  7. Data and Information Sharing:
    • Promote the collection, sharing, and dissemination of fisheries data and information to support informed decision-making at various levels, from local to national.
  8. Capacity Building:
    • Provide training and education for fishery managers, stakeholders, and communities on sustainable fishing practices, habitat protection, and resource management.
  9. Research and Innovation:
    • Invest in research to better understand the biology and ecology of target species and their ecosystems, which can inform adaptive management strategies.
  10. Policy and Governance:
    • Develop and enforce clear policies, regulations, and governance structures that address the complexities of inland fisheries management and ensure accountability.
  11. Climate Change Adaptation:
    • Consider the impacts of climate change on inland fisheries and develop strategies to adapt to changing conditions, such as altered water temperatures, precipitation patterns, and habitat shifts.
  12. International Cooperation:
    • Collaborate with neighboring countries to manage shared fisheries resources, especially in transboundary water bodies, to ensure sustainability and prevent conflicts.

Overall, a holistic and multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective management and conservation of inland fisheries resources. Balancing the needs of fishers, communities, and ecosystems will contribute to long-term sustainability and the continued availability of this important food source.