Power Loss Minimization For 11Kv Radial Distribution System For Improved Power Quality. (Using Rumuola 11Kv Station As Case Study)

ABSTRACT

The Distribution System can be seen as the networking line that interfaces between the large power generators and transmission lines on one hand and the electricity consumers on the other. The system can exist in different topologies among which, the radial form is popular because of its simplicity and comparative low cost of design. The problem of poor power quality and instability has been a major power systems challenge especially in Nigeria. More reliable and stable power systems among other benefits can be enjoyed when system are optimized. Hence, this paper implements the feeder reconfiguration technique as an optimization procedure to minimize the technical losses on the Rumuola Road 11kV Feeder Segment. This work aims at implementing an optimisation procedure using feeder reconfiguration for minimising technical losses on the rumola 11kV power distribution feeder.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
• LOSSES IN POWER SYSTEMS
• THE NIGERIAN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
• TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA (TCN)
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE SYSTEM LOSSES
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.1      METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER FOUR

• RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1                                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electricity is an essential requirement for all areas of human endeavour. It has almost now been accepted as a basic human need and has been asserted to have the socio- economic development of any country depending on it. Electric power has become a fundamental part of the infrastructure of contemporary society, with most of today’s daily activity based on the assumption that the desired electric power is readily available.

The power systems which provide this electricity are some of the largest and most complex systems in the world. They consist of three primary components: the generation system, the transmission system, and the distribution system. Each component is essential to the process of delivering power from the site where it is generated to the customer who uses it. There exist connecting joints in the system, which are known generically as the transmission lines and the distribution networks. Both the transmission and distribution system have prime task of delivering electrical power to customers at their place of consumption and in usable form. While performing this main task, the electric utility is interested in achieving certain sufficient levels of reliability, efficiency, peak load and costs [Kothari, 2013]. The subject of distribution loss minimisation has gained a great deal of attention due to high cost of electrical energy. This is so because, distribution systems can acquire longer life span
and have greater reliability by reducing power losses un it [Kothari, 2013].

The focus of this report is on the application of a suitable solution of the power flow problem for the determination of technical losses and the feeder reconfiguration – an optimisation technique for distribution systems which aims at minimising technical losses already determined in the system. Typically, every distribution system originates at a substation where the electric power is converted from the high voltage transmission system to a lower voltage for delivery to the customers. This work aims at implementing an optimisation procedure using feeder reconfiguration for minimising technical losses on the Rumola Road 11kV power distribution feeder.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

Distribution System is an important system in power system. Distribution System can be seen as the networking line that interfaces between the large power generators and transmission lines on one hand and the electricity consumers on the other hand. Electricity utility is interested in achieving certain sufficient levels of reliability, efficiency, peak load and costs but sometimes the reverse becomes the case due to power loss. In developed countries, it is not greater than 10%.However, in developing countries, the percentage of active power losses is around 20%; therefore, utilities in the electric sector are currently interested in reducing it in order to be more competitive, since the electricity prices in deregulated markets are related to the system losses. technical and non technical losses are accounted as 23% of the total input energy. To manage a loss reduction program in a distribution system it is necessary to use effective and efficient computational tools that allow quantifying the loss in each different network element for system losses reduction.

In order to increase the efficiency of the distribution electrical networks, a reconfiguration process was applied to improve the reliability indices

1.3                                   AIM AND ABJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This work aims at implementing an optimization procedure using feeder reconfiguration for minimizing technical losses on the Rumola Road 11kV power distribution feeder. The objectives of the study is to increase reliability and efficiency in a distribution network.

1.4                                             PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of loss minimization in power distribution system is to improve their reliability, efficiency and service quality.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The distribution system is the most visible part of the supply chain, and as such the most exposed to the critical observation of its users. It is, in many cases, the largest investment, maintenance and operation expense, and the object of interest to government, financial agencies, and associations of concerned citizens. This study throws light in how electrical distribution system’s loss can be minimised In order to increase the efficiency of the distribution electrical networks. In this study, we are able to learn how to minimized electrical lose in the system.

1.6                                                SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study was carried out to address the problem of power loss in distribution system. The solutions proffered would enable improved response, first to efficiently manage the available energy and also to grow the industry for the good of the nation.

1.7                                           LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.8                                                                    PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied in this chapter, The gas turbine modelling descriptions are outlined, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.