Production of Black and Brown polish
The production of black and brown polish involves a meticulous process that blends various ingredients to achieve the desired color and shine for footwear and leather goods. Essential components include waxes such as carnauba and beeswax, solvents like turpentine or mineral spirits, and pigments for coloration. Manufacturers carefully mix these elements to create a homogenous paste or liquid, which is then applied to leather surfaces using brushes or cloths. Additionally, additives like lanolin or silicone may be incorporated to enhance waterproofing or conditioning properties. Quality control measures ensure consistency and effectiveness in the final product, meeting consumer expectations for both aesthetic appeal and leather protection.
This project is aimed at producing black and brown polish of good quality. For clearity, polish is a substance rubbed on the surface of materials to make them smooth and shiny. Polish has being of immense importance in protecting leather surfaces and enhancing their beauty.
To produce a standard polish, hard waxes such as carnduba wax, candelhla wax and palm wax; semi-hard waxes which include, paraffin wax and ozokerite; solvents like tupentine and naphtha; dyes and dryers are essential. In this research project, paraffin wax, turpentine; paraffin oil,. Cobalt and lead dryers, vanish, black and brown pigments were used to obtain the desired result.
The apparatus was set up as can be seen in fig1. Using the measured quantities of the ingredients, the production started with heating to about 90oc to melt the wax and cooling to about 600c. This was preceded by the addition of the solvent, the colorant, dryer and vanish. As this was being done, there was continuous agitation. After obtaining a homogenous mixture, the product was filled into 50ml cans and allowed to cool. The best formulation was obtained from 45.2%, 24%, 21%, 2%, 2%, 2% of turpentine, paraffin wax, paraffin oil, drier, vanish and colorant respectively. The major problem encountered were that of coverage and gloss or surface shine produced by the trial formulations. They were blamed on the particle size of the pigments and the absence of some other ingredients like hard waxes to blend the paraffin wax; and naphtha which could not be found dispite all effort made. Happily, these were reasonably improved by using finer pigments particles and vanish respectively.
From tests and evaluations, the research project was a success with a good produce formulation; importantly, a production. And packaging cost (for the formulation) on fourty one naira, thirty three kobo (N41.30) per 50ml polish content was carried out with the sum of six thousand eight hundred and forty naira (N6,840.00)
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
HISTORY
SOME CLASSES OF SURFACE ENHANCING PRODUCTS
LEATHER POLISH
CAE WAXES
FORMULATION OF SHOE POLISH
WAXES
IMPORTANT WAXES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOE POLISH
SOLVENTS FOR POLISH PRODUCTION
CHAPTER THREE
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS
CHAPTER FOUR
EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
INTRODUCTION
The emergence of polish technology in engineering is apparent offshoot of complexities resulting from the induction of substances that produce desired gloss and provides a protective coating for the surface of the materials, changing it to a dry adherent film. Therefore, polish is a substances usually wax based, which when applied to a sequence was based, which applied to sequence protects, makes it smooth and shiny.
It has been discovered that shoe polish industries in Nigeria are at minimum even though the polish industry is economically very important due to its widespread usage. Shoe polish industry as a surface coaling provider in a very important venture. The manufacture of surface coaling materials of which shoes polish is a part, has been estimated with swales of more than 10,000 million yearly. This in essence means that its usage is wide spread and in teams of employment, gives a lot of opportunities. The economic consequences as highlighted above have4 in turn spu7rred many into a continuous struggle for a good quality product.
Therefore, in a bid to reduce the degree of unemployment by establishing small scale industries, this research project is embark upon.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim and objective of this project among other things include;
1 To produce shoe polish which will suit the weather of this country.
2 Produce polish of high quality at minimum cost5
3 To conserve foreign exchange and help solve the problem of balance of payment resulting from, the importation of polishes to offset the unnecessary.
4 To help complement the efforts of existing factories toward meeting the rising demand of product.
5 To create employment opportunities by establishing polish industry.
6 To reduce the depending on government for emplyment by having individual investment and becoming self reliant
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Considering the fact that there are few or practically no functional polish industry in the country, and the imported polish most atimes do not meet up with the local weather conditions, this research project will help to find solution to these problems. And at the same time offer local alternatives to these imported products. It will equally be an avenue for finding means of increasing our domestic national product.
Importantly, exploiting the benefit offered by this research work will help in improving the qualities of polishes produced. This will help in making the polish industry a viable venture, whose product could be exported thereby serving as a foreign exchange earner for the country.
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The research project covers feasibility study, scouting and acquisition of the necessary raw materials required for the production, formulations research and the production of the polish samples. Other areas are, analytical test of product qualities as compared with some commercial brands, evaluation of the project, discussion, conclusion and recommendations.
Production of black and brown polish Brown polish:
The production of black and brown shoe polish typically involves similar processes, with the main difference being the addition of specific colorants to achieve the desired black or brown color. Here’s an overview of the production process for brown shoe polish:
Ingredients:
Waxes: Shoe polish typically contains a blend of waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, and paraffin wax. These waxes provide shine and waterproofing properties.
Solvents: Solvents like turpentine or mineral spirits are used to dissolve the waxes and create a workable consistency for the polish.
Colorants: For brown shoe polish, colorants are added to achieve the desired brown hue. Common colorants include iron oxide pigments or organic dyes.
Oils: Oils like neatsfoot oil or lanolin may be added to condition the leather and maintain its flexibility.
Additives: Additional ingredients such as lanolin, silicone, or other conditioning agents can be included for specific properties like softening the leather or enhancing shine.
Production Process:
Melting: The waxes are melted in a heated vessel. The type and ratio of waxes used can affect the polish’s consistency and performance.
Colorant Addition: The colorants are added to the melted wax mixture. For brown polish, the specific brown color is achieved by carefully mixing the appropriate colorants until the desired shade is achieved.
Solvent Mixing: The solvent (turpentine or mineral spirits) is slowly added to the wax and colorant mixture while stirring continuously. This helps in dissolving the waxes and colorants into the solvent, creating a uniform liquid.
Cooling and Storage: The mixture is allowed to cool and solidify, forming a paste-like consistency. It is then stored in suitable containers.
Quality Control: Samples are taken from each batch for quality control testing, which may include checking color consistency, shine, and other performance characteristics.
Packaging: Once the shoe polish has passed quality control checks, it is packaged in containers suitable for retail sale. Common packaging options include tin cans or plastic jars.
It’s important to note that the specific formulations for black and brown shoe polish can vary among manufacturers. They may have their own proprietary recipes to achieve unique characteristics and colors. Additionally, some modern shoe polishes may come in liquid or cream forms rather than traditional wax-based pastes, but the general production principles remain similar.