Public Policy Implementation In Nigeria And Economic Development

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Recording human numbers using statistical method is not a recent phenomenon. It is the method used for collection, analyzing and interpreting of numerial data relating to a certain area of investigation as well as for drawing valid conclusion in situations of uncertainty and variability.

The statistical knowledge for effective national planning equitable governance and planning for the future. It also serves as a basis for resource distribution such as rereme allocation, constituency representation, employment, the siting of industries and social amenities (hospitals, school, post office, road and police stations); and the allocation of legislative seats for each in federal and state house of assembly.

Due to these population recorded census in Nigeria has become politicalised, the political elites has come to understand the degree to which recording human numbers determined the population of government amenities distributed to them and their economic and political weight within their society.

These had come to manipulation and falsification of population census figures of groups or regions within the country. The political and economic development in Nigeria would have been much easier if reliable population data were available, because the absent of trustworthy or accurate population data directly affects the governments inability to ensure balanced political representation and equal access to important governmental resources.

In this paper, the research commended a biometric system approach to population census and identification is proposed to help stop the manipulation and falsification of population figure in Nigeria. This use of biometric technology for population census and identification will help Nigerian government to identify and have data records of its citizens which will enhance political and economic representation of each group and region in the country.

Public policy may be conceptualized as decision making at the federal government level. It may be perceived as a general rule or principle within an organization which is meant to guide future decisions or plans or actions. The national population policy which was enunciated by the federal military government in 1988, and subsequently reversed in 2004 was designed to guide the behaviour of Nigerians in population matters. It is now nearby two decades since it came into being. It therefore become imperative for one to examine the extent this lefty policy has been fully implement.

The national policy on population to sustainable development covers a wide range of issues which included: population size, population growth rate, age structure, fertility, morbidity, population distribution, urbanization and migration, population projection and sources of population data.

Given the important of up data population data-base as a critical tool for good planning and governance Nigeria faces major challenges in developing a timely and high quality population data base. Major sources of population data in Nigeria include censuses, surveys, vital statistics and administrative record for the purpose of this study, the research will focus on census 1991/2006 because census is an instrument for capturing the population and population characteristics of the entire country. Population census is a project design to achieve item “19” amongst the objectives of the policy which state- improve the population, social, economic data based, promote and support population, and development research and help leadership groups recognize the important contribution that planning and data utilization make to the good governance of Nigeria.

After the conduct of 1991 and 2006 censuses it was expected that government can plan affectively to combine the incidence of poverty since data on covering various aspects of the census had been make available. Rather the world bank after conducting its survey on human resources and poverty in 2006, reported that 43 percents of the population was living below the poverty line. This report has in gendered a critical question has accurate in our population data? Is it as all been made use of by government for planning and development purpose? Given the above scenario, this study seeks to evaluate that factor which undermined the effective implementation of 1991/2006 census, with a view to measure how it meets the “19” objective of the population policy.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

An accurate and up to data population data base is a critical tool for good planning and good governance stated the population policy. To generate and develop a timely and high quality database Nigeria conducted a census in 1991 and 2006 respectively. It is expected that data generated through the census would meet objective “19” of the population policy provided for an improvement on the population, social and economic database promote and support population and development research, and help leadership groups recognize the important contribution that planning and data utilization make to the good governance of Nigeria. The arm of the policy been to improve the quality of life and achieve sustainable development in Nigeria.

After nearly twenty years of implementing the population policies, through the conduct of 1991 and 2006 population census, the goal of the policy which is to improve the quality of lives and achieve sustainable development have proved elusive. The above situation was captured strongly by the World Bank when it re-ported in 2006 that 43 percentage of the population was living below the poverty line. The findings raise questions concerning the implementation of the 1991/2006 census (es). In both census (es) were the enumeration areas covering the entire country thoroughly delineated was there a through enumeration of the entire country? For planning and development related matters did government make use of the figures published? Given the above questions thus study seeks to evaluate the factors which undermined the effective implementation of the census 1991/2006 projects.

The findings will enable us to assess the level the implementation of the census project met the goals of the population policy.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The general purpose of the study is to assess public policy implementation and effect on economic development.

Other specific purposes of the study include;

• To evaluate the extent to which the implementation of census 2006 met the provisions of “term 19” of the objectives of the population policy.
• To investigate the area in which the conduct of year 2006 census contributed to national development.
• To find out the way in which the 2006 census contributed to raising the standard of living and sustainable development of Nigeria as enumeration in the national population policy for sustainable development.
• To evaluate whether the implementation of the national population policy for sustainable development particularly the conduct of year 2006 census has been a success.
• To evaluate the factors which undermined the effective implementation of the national development particularly the conduct of year 2006 census.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The study is significance in the light of the following

• To the general public, the study will reveal the extent to which the national population policy was a success.
• To the policy makers, it will reveal whether 1991 and 2006 census had contributed towards the improvement of data bases or provided by item “19” in the objective of the national policy.
• To the public administration, the study will indicate whether the population policy has achieved it objectives of promoting and supporting population and development research.
• The findings of the study will reveal the factors which impeded the effective, implementation of the 1991 and 2006.
• To the general public the study will demonstrate the land of the study, the execution of census 1991/2006 has achieve the policy’s goal of raising the standard of living and achieving sustainable development.

1.5 Research Question

To aid the present research effort, the following research questions are found pertinent.

• To what extent did the implementation of census 2006 met the provisions of item “19” of the objective of the population policy?
• In what ways has the conduct of 2006 census contributed to national development?
• In what ways have the conduct of year 2006 census contributed in raising the standard of living and sustainable development of Nigerias as enumerated in the national policy for sustainable development?
• To what extent or how has the implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development been a successes?
• What factors possibly undermined the effective implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development particularly the conduct of year 2006 census?

1.6 Scope / Delimitation of the Study

This research examines the factors which undermined the effective implementation of the 1991 and 2006 census, with a view to measure how the implementation met the “19” objective of the national population policy. Because the policy covers a wide range of issues, and the limitation of time the study is restricted to espect of the policy sources of population data (which is census) and objective “19” of the policy which states to improve the population, social and economic data-base, promote and support population and development research and help leadership groups recognize the important contribution make to the good governance of Nigeria”.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

In a research project of this nature, it is always difficult to complete the work without going through a number of factors which constituted impediments source of the respondent were reluctant to air their views. This resulted in the researcher not being able to gather the entire questionnaires distributed.

We were constrained by time especially to move from one library to the other, typing the questionnaire and distributing them.

Finance is another constraint. A lot of money was needed for transporting, typing etc. Despite these research did her best.

1.8 Definition of Term

To aid the present research effort, the following terms and acronyms are defied.

Policy:

A policy is perceived or a general rule or principle within an organization, which is meant to guide future decisions, plans or actions.

Public policy:

This is policy made at government level and it therefore affects the general public within the area of jurisdiction of the government or public institution formulating the policy.

National policy on population for sustainable development:

This is a policy document which prescribed the rules that will guide the future conduct of actions that related activities in the country.

NDHIS:

National Demographic And Health Survey

AIDS:

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

NFS:

Nigerian Fertility Survey

PTWG:

Population Technical Working Groups

TFR:

Total Fertility Rate

V.F:

Vesico – Vaginal Fistula

PAG:

Population Advising Group

MICS:

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.