Study Of Properties Of Briquette Produced From Groundnut Shell Coal Blend
Briquettes produced from a blend of groundnut shell and coal offer a promising alternative fuel source with several advantageous properties. Firstly, such briquettes possess excellent calorific value, owing to the high energy content of coal coupled with the carbon-rich composition of groundnut shells, thereby ensuring efficient combustion. Moreover, these briquettes exhibit desirable physical characteristics such as high density and mechanical strength, which facilitate easy handling, transportation, and storage. Additionally, their low moisture content enhances combustion efficiency while minimizing undesirable emissions, thus contributing to environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the production of briquettes from this blend promotes waste utilization and resource conservation, aligning with sustainable development goals. Overall, the utilization of groundnut shell-coal blend briquettes represents a viable solution for energy generation, offering economic, environmental, and social benefits.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Butadiene and benzene (Schirnding and Bruce, 2002)
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Briquetting Process
2.2 Historical Background of Briquetting Process
2.3 Advantages of briquette production
2.3.1 Bio-Coal Briquettes Bio-coal briquette
2.3.2 Characteristics of Bio-Coal Briquettes
2.3.4 Production Process of
2.3.5 Preparation of other types of Briquettes 2.5 Coal
2.6. Biomass Resources of Nigeria
2.6.1 Bio-coal briquette:
2.6.2 Charcoal: Types of charcoal are
2.7 Starches as a Binder Starch
2.7.1 Binders used in the production of bio-coal briquettes
2.7.2 Calcium Hydroxide Calcium hydroxide
2.7.3 Environmental issues.
2.7.4 Groundnut shell as an appropriate residue for the production of biocoal briquette.
2.7.5 Analysis of groundnut shell Table 1:
2.7.6 Uses of groundnut shell.
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Materials and their sources
3.2 Apparatus used for the experiment
3.3 Reagent used for the experiment
3.4 Preparation of materials
3.5. Determination of the colour and texture of the raw materials
3.5.1 Determination of the chemical composition of the raw materials Digestion of the samples (Aqua regia method
3.5.2 Proximate analysis of the raw materials
3.6.1 Characterization of the bio-coal briquettes samples
3.8 Determination of Density
3.9 Determination of compressive strength of the briquette Samples
3.7 Water boiling tests of the briquette samples
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Colour and texture of the raw materials
4.2 Chemical composition of the materials.
4.3 Analysis of the materials Proximate analysis:
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Biomass, particularly agricultural residues seem to be one of the most promising energy resources for developing countries (Patomsok, 2008). Rural households and minority of urban dwellers depend solely on fuel woods (charcoal, firewood and sawdust) as their primary sources of energy for the past decades (Onuegbu, 2010). Of all the available energy resources in Nigeria, coal and coal derivatives such as smokeless coal briquettes, bio-coal briquettes, and biomass briquettes have been shown to have the highest potential for use as suitable alternative to coal/ fuel wood in industrial boiler and brick kiln for thermal application and domestic purposes. Global warming has become an international concern. Global warming is caused by green house gasses which carbon dioxide is among the major contributors. It was shown that increased emissions of CO2 have been drastically reduced owing to the fact that the rate of deforestation is higher than the afforestation effort in the country. The use of fuel wood for cooking has health implications especially on women and children who are disproportionately exposed to the smoke apart from environmental effects. Women in rural areas frequently with young children carried on their back or staying around them, spend one to six hours each day cooking with fuel wood. In some areas, the exposure is even higher especially when the cooking is done in an unventilated place or where fuel wood is used for heating of rooms. Generally, biomass smoke contains a large number of pollutants 2 which at varying concentrations pose substantial risk to human health. Among hundreds of the pollutants and irritants are particulate matters,
Properties Of Briquette Produced From Groundnut Shell Coal Blend:
Briquettes produced from a blend of groundnut shell and coal can have various properties depending on the ratio of groundnut shell to coal, the method of production, and the specific characteristics of the raw materials used. Here are some general properties:
- Calorific Value: The calorific value of the briquette will depend on the proportion of groundnut shell and coal in the blend. Groundnut shells typically have a lower calorific value compared to coal. The calorific value of the briquette will be a weighted average of the calorific values of the two components.
- Density: Briquettes produced from a blend of groundnut shell and coal may have a different density compared to briquettes made from coal alone. This will depend on the compactness achieved during the briquetting process and the density of the raw materials.
- Moisture Content: The moisture content of the briquette is an important factor affecting its combustion characteristics. Proper drying of the raw materials before briquetting is essential to achieve a low moisture content in the final product.
- Ash Content: Groundnut shells typically have a higher ash content compared to coal. The ash content of the briquette will depend on the proportion of groundnut shell and coal in the blend.
- Durability and Strength: The durability and strength of the briquette will depend on the binding agent used (if any) and the compaction pressure applied during the briquetting process. Groundnut shells may have different binding properties compared to coal, so the blend may require optimization to achieve the desired strength.
- Combustion Characteristics: The combustion characteristics of the briquette, including flame temperature, burn rate, and emissions, will be influenced by the properties of both groundnut shell and coal. Proper blending and briquetting techniques can be employed to optimize combustion performance.
- Environmental Impact: Briquettes produced from a blend of groundnut shell and coal may have a different environmental impact compared to briquettes made from coal alone. Groundnut shells are a renewable biomass resource, so using them in briquette production may result in lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to using coal alone.
- Cost: The cost of producing briquettes from a blend of groundnut shell and coal will depend on the availability and cost of the raw materials, as well as the efficiency of the briquetting process.
These properties can be adjusted and optimized through experimentation and process refinement to produce briquettes with the desired characteristics for specific applications.