Characterization Of Self-Compacting Ceramic Dust Pervious Under Different Occuring Temperatures

ABSTRACT

There is a growing interest in using waste materials such as ceramics as alternative aggregate materials for construction. While other ceramic product wastes such as sanitary wares and electrical insulators have been extensively investigated, not much findings are available on ceramic wall and floor tiles wastes. Thus, the current study focuses on the mechanical characterization of waste ceramic wall and floor tiles aggregate concrete. Ceramic wastes sourced from construction and demolition wastes were separated from other debris and crushed using a quarry metal hammer. Ceramic tiles were sieved into fine and coarse aggregates in line with standards. Other materials used were gravel, river sand, cement and potable water. Workability of the fresh concrete was checked  through  slump  test,  and  concrete  cubes  of  150 mm  dimensions  and  cylinders  of   100 mm     200 mm were  cast in  the laboratory.  After  24 h of casting,  the  concrete samples were demolded and were cured by immersion in water tank at temperature of 22 °C. The compressive and split-tensile strengths of the hardened concrete samples were determined after curing them      for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Results showed that both the compressive strength and split tensile strength increased appreciably with the curing age than the conventional concrete.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• AIM OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• ADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
• DISADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

1.7      APPLICATIONS OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

1.8 PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• OVERVIEW OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)
• MATERIALS USED FOR SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
• TESTS AND PROPERTIES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1      MATERIALS

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION

5.2      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

As it is known, curing conditions affect strength and durability of concrete seriously as well as sufficient workability, consistency and effective compacting. The permeability, which is the main parameter affecting concrete durability, is directly influenced by curing conditions. The water in concrete should be prevented from moving away in order to form the hydration reactions that occur in the process of gaining strength of concrete. For this purpose, concrete should be protected by performing surface irrigation or similar methods before gaining strength [1-3].

Concrete properties such as strength behaviour, water permeability, permeability of Cl and CO2, crack characteristic are influenced by curing regimes [4-9], curing time [4-6, 10-13], curing temperature [11, 13-17] and humidity [18-20]. Some related studies are summarized below:

The effect of accelerated curing on early age compressive and flexural strengths of mortars containing fly ash in different quantities was investigated by Yazici and Sezer [21], consequently, it has been determined that strength loss, that occurred under standard curing conditions at early ages due to addition of fly ash, can be compensated by hot water curing. Bingol and Tohumcu [1] investigated the effect of different curing conditions (air curing, water curing and steam curing) on the compression strength of self-compacting concretes including silica fume and fly ash. According to the test results, mixture containing silica fume and cured in water showed the highest compressive strength.

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Ceramic products are part of the essential construction materials used in most buildings. Some common manufactured ceramics include wall tiles, floor tiles, sanitary ware, household ceramics and technical ceramics. They are mostly produced using natural materials that contain high content of clay minerals. However, despite the ornamental benefits of ceramics, its wastes among others cause a lot of nuisance to the environment. As a general note, Omole and Isiorho [1] reported the devastating influence of solid wastes in the Nigerian community. Ceramic wastes are separated into two categories in accordance with the source of raw materials [2]. One category is formed through generated fired ceramic wastes by structural ceramic factories that use only red pastes for product (brick, blocks and roof tiles) manufacture. The second encompasses fired ceramic wastes which are produced in stoneware ceramic (wall, floor tiles and sanitary ware). Meanwhile during ceramic production, studies have shown that about 30% of the material goes to wastes [3,4], and currently they are not beneficially utilized. This attests to the need for exploring innovative ways of re-using ceramic wastes. Aggregates constitute about 70% of total constituents in concrete production. The cost is increasing as a result of high demand from rural and urban communities. Numerous researchers have identified ceramics as having the potential to replace natural aggregates [5,6]. Some investigations have suggested that ceramic wastes are good materials which could substitute conventional aggregates in concrete [7–9]. The influence of ceramic tiles wastes on the structural properties of concrete made using laterite was recently investigated [10]. It was reported that ceramic based laterized concrete performed considerably well when compared to the conventional concrete. Overall, ceramic waste utilization can solve problems of aggregate shortages in various construction sites. Moreover it can reduce environmental problems related to aggregate mining and waste disposal. However, most of the previous investigations were carried out using sanitary ware and electrical insulator ceramics, with not much information as regards the use of ceramic floor and wall tiles. Thus, there is a need to explore the usability of ceramic floor and wall tiles, because these ceramic products are produced at different temperatures which invariably determine their microstructures. Consequently, the current study explores the mechanical characterization of concrete made using ceramic floor and wall tiles wastes from construction and demolition sites as partial replacement of natural aggregates.

1.2                                                    AIM OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this work is to determine the characterization of using waste materials such as ceramics as alternative aggregate materials for construction under different curing temperatures.

1.3                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In ceramic industry about 5-10% production goes as waste in various processes while manufacturing. (This waste percentage goes down if the technology is installed in the  new  units.)  This waste of Ceramic Industries dumped at nearby places resulting in environmental pollution causing effect to habitant and agricultural lands. Therefore using of ceramic waste powder in concrete would benefit in many ways in saving energy & protecting the environment. The cost of deposition of ceramic waste in landfills will be saved. An attempt has been made to study the behavior of SCC with ceramic waste powder and understands the effect of the mineral admixtures on fresh & hardened properties of SCC  and  also investigates the  compatibility of  ceramic waste  powders  in  SCC   along with   chemical admixture such as super plasticizers. Industrial waste ceramic waste powder would be used in self- compacting concrete.

1.5                                              OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

At the end of this  study, the effect of different curing temperature processes on the 1, 3, 7 and 28-day compressive strength and 28-day water absorption ratios of cement mixtures were investigated.

1.5                     ADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

The main advantages of self compacting concrete are:

1. The permeability of the concrete structure is decreased
2. SCC enables freedom in designing concrete structures
3. The SCC construction is faster
4. The problems associated with vibration is eliminated
5. The concrete is placed with ease, which results in large cost saving
6. The quality of the construction is increase
7. The durability and reliability of the concrete structure is high compared to normal concrete structures
8. Noise from vibration is reduced. This also reduce the hand arm vibration syndrome issues

1.6                  DISADVANTAGES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

SCC construction face the following limitations:

1. There is no globally accepted test standard to undergo SCC mix design
2. The cost of construction is costlier than the conventional concrete construction
3. The use of designed mix will require more trial batches and lab tests
4. The measurement and monitoring must be more precise.
5. The material selection for SCC is more stringent

1.7                     APPLICATIONS OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

The major applications of self compacting concrete are:

1. Construction of structures with complicated reinforcement
2. SCC is used for repairs, restoration and renewal construction
3. Highly stable and durable retaining walls are constructed with the help of SCC
4. SCC is employed in the construction of raft and pile foundations

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusions

This study evaluated the mechanical characterization of cera- mic waste aggregate (CWA) concrete, in an attempt to ascer- tain its suitability construction. The workability of CWA concrete was comparable to the control concrete, which ranged between medium and high workability. That for CCA-100 mix (ceramic coarse aggregate with 100% ceramic coarse), was an exception. Overall, the mechanical performance of the CWA concretes was better than that of the control concrete. The highest compressive strength and split tensile strength were achieved by replacing 100% of the natural aggregate  with CCA and ceramic fine aggregate (CFA) individually. The mechanical properties of CWA concretes improved as the replacement percentage of natural aggregates increased.

It can be concluded that, within the limited scope of the experiments carried out in this investigation, concrete made with CWA as a replacement for part of the natural aggregates can be considered a suitable alternative for normal concrete. In fact, where strength is concerned, it is even more suitable than conventional concrete.