Construction Of Remote Controlled Switching System Using Radio Frequency (Rf) Technology

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the design and construction of an infrared remote controlled power supply-switching unit, which is a device that enables the user to operate or control the mains power supplied from approximately 5 to 10 meters away. The remote transmits a beam of light using an infrared light emitting diode; this light is picked and decoded by the receiver unit (Photodiode). The receiver only activates when it receives the beam of light, there are no accidental activations. The system was broken down into simpler functional parts namely: The transmitter stage, the detector (phototransistor) stage, the NAND Schmitt trigger stage, the flip-flop stage and the relay stage. Details of the stages are described in the pape

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE PROJECT
2.1      REVIEW OF POWER SUPPLY
2.2     REVIEW OF REMOTE CONTROLLED POWER SUPPLY
2.3      REVIEW OF REMOTE CONTROL

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2.1  TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT OF THE SYSTEM

3.2.2  RECEIVER CIRCUIT OF THE SYSTEM

3.3      CIRCUIT OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM

3.4      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

3.5      LIST OF COMPONENETS USED

3.6      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING

4.4     TESTING

4.5      ECONOMICS OF THE PROJECT

4.6      PROJECT EVALUATION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSIONS

5.2      RECOMMENDATION

5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices (Leonard, 2016).

Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply.

All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors.

With the advancement in technology, new electrical protective devices with various levels of complexity have been designed, and different failures from these systems have been recorded. The design and construction of a reliable cost effective protective device, “the remotely controlled power supply switching unit” is to be used in collaboration with some other forms of protective devices (circuits breakers and fuses). The primary aim of this work is to design a simple cost effective and reliable circuit (protective system), which will aid in- protecting electrical and electronic devices in our homes and offices with ease (Leonard, 2016).

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most homes make use of many electrical and electronics appliances such as the television set, standing fan, ceiling fan, air conditioner, lighting bulbs, video players, radio, etc. All these appliances require switching to turn on and turn off these appliances traditionally (Tokhein, 2014). This manual switching of any home appliance is an inconvenient method for physically disabled or elderly or even for the young and busy individuals when frequent switching operation is required. Thus, an easier method of switching is developed to replace this manual switching method, using an advanced switching method for electronic home appliances – ir remote control. This involves using remote to switch ON and OFF of home appliances.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this work is to facilitate the protection of electrical and electronic devices from electrical faults in the home, and also to facilitate the control of mains supply or appliance in a room from a distance easily. The infrared remote control is made up of a transmitter and a receiver (Photo detector). The transmitter transmits within the frequencies of 30 KHz and 60 KHz having a wavelength of about 950nm.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Today, remote control is a standard feature on some consumer electronic products including VCRs, cable and satellite boxes, digital videodisc players and home audio receivers. The most sophisticated TV sets have remotes with as many as 50 buttons. In year 2000, more than 99 percent of all TV sets and 100 percent of all VCRs and DVD players sold in the United States were equipped with remote control. The average individual these days probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice in an hour. And in most pieces of consumer electronics from recorder to stereo equipment, an infrared remote control is usually always included (Tokhein, 2014).

1.5                              PROJECT MOTIVATION

The above-mentioned development motivated me to embark on a project research work on the design and construction of an Rf based remote control electric power unit.  This electronic system is designed with a handheld remote control realized using frequency generator and modulator coupled into a tuned class-C amplifier.  The amplified signal is radiated into the atmosphere through a tank circuit at a particular frequency. The receiver is realized with a tuned radio frequency (TRF) receiver coupled into a transistor static switch.  These solid state switches are used to clock a D-type flip-flop through a delay circuit. The output of the flip-flop biases a driver circuitry realized using a Darlington pair transistors which drives the relay to switch ON/OFF the lamp connected to its normally open contact, whenever the remote is pressed.

1.6                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Basically, a remote control operates in the following manner. A button is pressed; this completes a specific connection, which produces a Morse code line signal specific to that button. The transistors amplify the signal and send them to the LED, which translates the signal into infrared light. The sensor on the appliance detects the infrared light and response appropriately to the received signal or command.

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used to control the power supply of appliances such as:

• TV
• DVD
• Radio etc.

1.8                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

To operate this device becomes a problem when the remote is fault or whenever the battery of the remote runs down

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a remote controlled power supply. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of remote controlled power supply were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of remote controlled power supply. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.