Construction Of Solar Powered Security Lighting System With LDR

This project work is titled design and construction a solar security Light Control system. Security lighting is any electrical lighting that is fixed in the house or road for the illumination of such road. It turns on or lit at a certain time every night using solar energy (solar panel) as the primary power supply and the LDR as the controller.

An Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works are eliminated. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight.

The aim of the work is to build a device that controls security light automatically which is powered by photovoltaic panels that charges a rechargeable battery during the day, the battery in return will be used to powers an LED lamp during the night.

Title page

Certification

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Problem Statement

1.2 Aims and Objectives

1.3 Significant of the Study

1.4 Methodology

1.5 Scope

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Historical Background of the study

2.2 Review of previous studies

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology

3.1 Mathematical Model/Theory Relating to the Study

3.2 Design Analysis

3.3 Block by Block procedure for the construction

3.4 Principle of Operation

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Testing, Result and Discussion

4.1 Testing Procedures

4.2 Result Presentation

4.3 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary of Results and Conclusion

5.2 Recommendations

References

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

Recent technological innovations have paved the way to the rebirth of street lights through solar powered ones. Solar security lights are raised outdoor light sources, which are powered by PV (photovoltaic) panels. These panels are mounted on the lighting structure or connected in the pole. PV panels have a rechargeable battery, providing power to the LED lamp during the entire night. Most of the solar panels automatically sense outdoor light through a light source. These can give off light on successive nights even when the sun’s energy is not available for a couple of days. Solar security Light have energy using sunlight, solar panels during the day to charge the batteries, batteries provide light in the evening, without complex and expensive pipeline, adjustable lighting layout, safety and energy-saving and pollution-free, without manual operation is stable and reliable, saving electricity maintenance-free.

Solar security lights to work continuously for more than 3-5 days in rainy weather, Solar security Lighting system is consists of LED lamp, solar lamps controller, batteries (included battery incubator) and lighting poles, as well as parts. Solar cell module chosen monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon; LED light head adopts high power brand LED as a light source; Controller placed in the battery compartment with light control, time control, overcharge protection, reverse connection protection, more advanced controller has four seasons adjusted lights, half power capabilities, intelligent charge and discharge function; Specialized battery placed on the ground or the incubator, to be used in valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, gel batteries, lithium iron aluminium batteries or batteries

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Conventional security light requires constant maintenance, manual operation, much external wiring, risk of electric shock and only work whenever there is power. These problems made it difficult for the users to use it and people has difficulties of late night movement. Solar security light was invented to overcome these problems in that solar security light require much less maintenance compared to conventional street lights. Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accident is minimized. Electricity produced from solar panels is non-pollutive.

1.2                        AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of the work is to build a raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic panels generally mounted on the lighting structure. The photovoltaic panels charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a LED lamp during the night. At the end of this work, the following objectives shall be known:

1. The device shall be constructed
2. The operation of LDR shall be known

• The installation of solar panel shall also known.

1.3                        SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

Carryout this particular project exposes us to the operation of a solar security lighting system. This system turns on and turns off automatically by sensing outdoor light using a light source. Solar security light is designed to work throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the sun is not available for a couple of days. Older models included lamps that were not fluorescent or LED.

1.4                                 METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design of the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out. The construction of this project includes the placing of components on Vero boards, soldering and connection of components,

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.5     SCOPE

This project deals with the design of a solar security lighting system. This device uses panels to convert the solar power into electricity. It is also quick and easy to charge the batteries and the control is automatic. The automatic control of the device eliminates human intervention for manual switching and control of the security light.