Data Base Simulation Of A Hybrid Wind And Solar Harvesting System

Harvesting system of a hybrid wind and solar is developed for hybrid system with the aid of mathematical models for photovoltaic cell, wind turbine, and battery that are readily present in the literature. This Harvesting system can simulate the annual performance of different kinds of photovoltaic-wind hybrid power system structures for an identified set of renewable resources, which fulfills technical limitations with the lowest energy cost. The output of the program will display the performance of the system during the year, the total cost of the system, and the best size for the PV-generator, wind generator, and battery capacity. Security lightning application is selected, whereas system performance data and environmental operating conditions are measured and stored. This hybrid system, which includes a PV, wind turbine, inverter, and a battery, was installed to supply energy to 24 W lamps, considering that the renewable energy resources of this site where the system was installed were 1700 Wh/m²/day solar radiation and 3.43 m/s yearly average wind speed. Using the measured variables, the inverter and charge regulator efficiencies were calculated as 90% and 98%, respectively, and the overall system’s electrical efficiency is calculated as 72%.

NOMENCLATURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

• AIM/ OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     INTRODUCTION

2.2     OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

2.3     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

2.4     DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

2.5     REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.6     REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1     SOLAR EVALUATION INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS

3.2   PV-WIND HYBRID SYSTEM

3.3   PV MODULE PERFORMANCE MODEL

3.4   WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE MODEL

3.5   BATTERY PERFORMANCE MODEL

3.6   INVERTER, CHARGER, AND LOADS PERFORMANCE MODEL

CHAPTER FOUR               

4.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Renewable energy resources like solar and wind offer clean and economically competitive alternatives to conventional power generation where high wind speed and high solar radiation are available. For meeting the energy demand, PV- wind hybrid power generating systems can be beneficial in enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of renewable energy systems. Growing public concerns over global warming as an impending outcome of greenhouse gas emissions initiated by energy resources based on fossil fuels have encouraged to study cleaner energy options, like PV, biomass, wind, and micro hydro systems for several applications.

Solar and wind energies have a distinguished place among these energy types. There are wind and sun everywhere on earth; therefore, there is more intense study on these sources. The aim is not only to obtain the energy but also to turn the energy to proper values, manage the existent energy, and terminate the harmonics. While managing all these, lowering the cost of the system in every step is taken into consideration. Today, producing electrical energy from these renewable sources appears to be the main objective.

Photovoltaic-wind hybrid power systems are categorized as extraordinary complex in sizing and optimization process, where renewable energy resources and storage components must be sized to match the given load profile and the estimated ease of use of solar radiation and wind speed. Many PV-wind hybrid systems are unique in design, whereas the complete dynamic testing of hybrid system takes very long time and also its cost is very high. In some way, whether necessary time and budget are provided for the dynamic tests, it is very hard to test all the situations that will be met during the life cycle of the hybrid system. It is clear that if the individual performance does not match with the expected simulation outcomes, it leads the user to uncertainty. Without exact high-level comparisons between real objective performance and projected computer simulations, it is very hard to focus on enlightening the performance of PV-wind hybrid system. A reliable technique for assessing the performance of a hybrid power system at a specific location is an essential prerequisite.

The combined operation of these systems is far more complex than operating them separately. In a system with only solar or wind energy, just one element is controlled. In a hybrid scheme, both sources are controlled individually and simultaneously depending upon the operating conditions and energy demand. During low sunlight conditions, photovoltaic (PV) solar panel cannot supply consistent power. Similarly, wind turbine will not work in conditions without wind. In this case, the required energy must have the structure to make up the lack of energy in conditions when this system does not work regularly or the composition produces less energy than the requirement. Power management assures that the system works efficiently while preventing the lack of energy in loads. Here it is aimed at obtaining clean and sustainable energy in stable frequency and definite voltage. While or after obtaining the energy, harmonics must be definitely controlled.

Wind and solar energies are clean and inexhaustible abundance is found. Using any of these resources alone cannot meet the demand throughout the day, be independent. The problem stems from a few hours of solar radiation and wind speed often is insufficient. Also in the regions and in different places, climates, including solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, or all usually change. So shortcomings instability to generate electric power from photovoltaic panels and wind turbines there. The wind systems independent of the network due to the large fluctuations in wind speed at different times a year, the permanent consumers of energy supply cannot meet. Thus, an energy storage system to provide constant consumer of energy required for each of these systems is essential. Usually expensive and battery storage system and in particular the design of renewable energy systems, the minimum size may be designed. Thus, a combination of renewable energy systems to provide energy and reducing the need for regular consumers of energy storage, are highly regarded. Today, photovoltaic and wind hybrid systems for many applications, such as lighting, power supply and remote areas impassable glaciers hybrid network applications health care to remote areas and villages, army barracks, border or offshore communications and television relay stations are used.

Renewable resources such as solar and wind energy which change randomly are individually less reliable. However, in many regions, when solar and wind resources are combined for power generation, they complement each other by means of daily and seasonal variations. Combining these two renew- able energy sources could make the system more reliable, and the system costs might slightly decrease depending on the regional conditions. However, the energy system sizing procedure and operation control strategies are getting more complex due to the nonlinear components’ physical characteristics. for boosting investment in hybrid power systems. Such a technique is also suitable for comparing the performance of two hybrid power systems, specific conditions at a certain location [3]. For this reason, software design and simulation tools are important aids.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

The incorporation of renewable energy resources (RERs) into electrical grid is very challenging problem due to their intermittent nature. This paper solves an optimal power flow (OPF) considering wind–solar–storage hybrid generation system. The primary components of the hybrid power system include wind farms and solar photovoltaic modules with batteries. The main critical problem in operating the wind farm or solar PV plant is that these RERs cannot be scheduled in the same manner as conventional generators, because they involve climate factors such as wind velocity and solar irradiation. This paper proposes a new strategy for the optimal power flow problem taking into account the impact of uncertainties in wind and solar PV system.

1.3                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The major aim of the research is to ensure that maximum power is transferred to the grid from the PV and Wind Generating system. At the end of this study the following objectives shall be achieved:

1. The system is going to be integrated
2. Maximum power point tracking System stability

• System protection is also going to be studied.

1. A simulation shall also be carried out

1.4                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the work is to provide a sustainable and reliable renewable energies from Sun and mains from the mains grid to supply electricity to home, offices and industries.

1.5                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1. Cost is high
2. Solar power is not available during night time
3. Mains power failure can occur at the night hour when the solar energy is not also available resulting total power failure.
4. If used for power loads initial cost is very high.

There are many types of renewable energy sources that can be used as hybrid system but in this study focused on solar and wind renewable energy sources.

1.6                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. Power generation is double
2. Reduce the power demand
3. Easy to implement
4. Used in many areas
5. Uninterrupted power supply

1.7                                         SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

High cost of renewable energy systems has led to its slow adoption in many countries. Hence, it is vital to select an appropriate size of the system in order to reduce the cost and excess energy produced as well as to maximize the available resources. The sizing of hybrid system must satisfy the LPSP (Loss of Power Supply Probability) which determines the ability of the system to meet the load requirements. Once the lowest configurations are determined, the cost of the system must then be taken into consideration to determine the system with the lowest cost. The optimized system is simulated and the results show that low excess energy is achieved.

1.8                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This work presents a comprehensive study of optimal power flows methods with renewable energy constraints. Additionally, this work presents a progress of optimal power flow solution from its beginning to its present form. This study will help the engineers and researchers to optimize power flow with renewable energy sources (solar and wind).

1.10                                                      PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.