In study center, students often used a trainer while experimenting in the laboratory; it becomes a dependable kits for user. This study explored the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) circuit theory, safety of laboratory practices and compliances standard for trainer operating. The purpose of this project is to explore students and lectures with the new environment of trainer usage; multiple design of BJT circuit by using 1 base trainer with portable component. Thus, the objective of this project is producing a multiple design trainer, to create a trainer that friendly user and to reduce the space of storing system. The approach or methodology of this project is included with hardware. It utilizes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) circuit configuration on DC analysis and Ac analysis. Highly secured in safety, reliability, low cost and user friendly trainer is expected to be developed. Commercialize to study center at university or college is a high possibility.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

This chapter will give an overview of the project such as project overview, project objective, project scope, project methodology and the structure of this project report. This chapter will explain briefly about the work from the beginning until the project is implemented.

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The trainer is a training kit that normally used in the laboratory either at school, college or university. Most of the students assemble their experiment by using certain a trainer such as a common emitter trainer, FET trainer and so on. Unfortunately, each of the trainers is fixed with one design and all the components are mounted in.

This project utilizes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) circuit configuration on DC analysis and Ac analysis. A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) consists of two back-to-back p-n junctions and the contacts are made in all three regions with the two outer regions that called the emitter and collector and the middle region called the base. The device is called “bipolar” since its operation involves both types of mobile carriers, electrons and holes. BJT consists of pn junctions that constructed in a special way and connected in a series connection. The bipolar junction transistor was shaped in terms of three-terminal device with emitter, base and collector Thus, from the physical structure, BJTs can be divided into two groups; which is NPN and PNP transistors. The three terminals were used in three different configurations; common emitter configuration, common base configuration and common base configuration.

In addition, in a single design, it’s able to construct six (6) BJT circuit configurations which are fixed bias, emitter bias, voltage divider bias, collector feedback, emitter follower and cascaded configurations. Meanwhile, the component was designed as a portable plug in component with its adapter.

Thus the expecting input powers for this base trainer are ± 15V, ± 9V and ± 12V. Since, this project is a prototype version; this project will be tested in the laboratory only.

1.2                               OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective is an expectation to be achieved by a researcher. The goal of this trainer is to fulfill the needs of user in operating the laboratory experiment. Therefore, some of the objectives that need to be achieved in the project:

1. To develop a multi design of analogue electronic Bipolar Junction Transistor trainer.
2. To model the trainer that user friendly and user can replace the component easily when its

• To reduce the space in storing for several designs of laboratory experiment with using one base

1.3                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

Normally, the available trainers in the market are designed with a mounted component. Thus, the design is fixed for the consequent trainer. Unfortunately, while experimenting, the module should be followed by the available design and cannot be changed or modified by users.

Next, some electronic components are sensitive to the environment and due to that it may malfunction and requires a replacement. It requires time in replacing it since the component is built in.

Finally, the trainer does require some space in the laboratory storing system since it’s required numerous type of design for student experimenting. Moreover, each trainer only available for one (1) designs.

1.4                                          PROJECT SCOPE

To achieve the objectives, the project is divided into 3 main parts which are trainer base, circuit board of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) design configuration and component adapter. The scope of this project as below;

1. Focused on student levels and
2. In order to design and construct the circuit, vero-board was applied in this

• The plastic or PVC material has been chosen in prototype design because it easy to shape and will not harm consumers. Besides, plastic does not conduct current.

1. The component adapter is designed based on the component size and able to plug in at the base
2. The tools and method in the project of consists of soldering, disolder, drilling and

1.5                                                                              BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

There are several benefits of this training module. Anyone who will work with this training module will be able to understand all power engineering systems. Furthermore in all industries all the basic phenomena are same. So the person who got training using this trainer will be able to serve well.

1.6                                            APPLICATION OF THE STUDY

This training module is only for academic use. Students will be the trainee only. All type of experiments is of academic level. Extension for further experiments is given where students and teachers may increase the quantity of experiments using bread board.

1.7                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.