Design And Construction Of A Gas Detector System Using A Buzzer Sound

ABSTRACT

LPG gas is commonly used in our home for cooking purpose. LPG is used in school and college canteens; also it is used in various industries. Accidents never happen with a prior intimation. There are chances of gas leakage due to some negligence or as a result of faulty cylinder. In such cases, if leakage is not detected at an early stage, then it can create huge damages. Arduino microcontroller based LPG gas leakage detector can be used in such situations. This LPG leakage detector is implemented using a ATmega8 microcontroller and MQ-6 gas sensor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
  • PROBLEM STATEMENT
  • AIM/ OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
  • SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
  • JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      INTRODUCTION

2.1      A BRIEF HISTORY OF GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

2.2     TYPES OF GAS DETECTORS

2.3     LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASES (LPGs)

2.4     PREVIOUS STUDIES RELATED TO GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

2.5      COMPONENT REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2     MODE OF OPERATION

3.3     DESIGN PROCEDURES

3.4     IMPORTANT TOOLS AND COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR               

4.0     RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1       CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

4.2      PACKAGING

4.3       ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.5       TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.3       INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

4.4      TESTING

4.5      RESULT ANALYSIS

4.6      BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE                                      

• INTRODUCTION

The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is increasing quickly, especially in developing countries like Nigeria, Bangladesh,India,South Africa and Nepal, this is because it produces lesser smoke and soot compared to other local available options. The LPG is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases like propane, and butane. LPGs are safely transport throughgas pipelines but this pipelines are prone to wear and tear or break completely which would allow gas leakage, it may also be due to mishandling, accidents or over filling of the gas cylinder. Several times explosionshas resulted from gas pipeline leakages or domestic cooking gas leakage which can be fatal causing loss of property, injuries and or even deaths.Global Economy.com reports that the average daily consumption of LPG has risen to about a thousand barrels per day. This increase in LPG consumption has brought on with it increased rate of accidents often leading to death due to gas leakage and often explosion of gas cylinders. This therefore presents the need for a device that can detect LPG, if present up to a certain level of concentrations in parts of the atmosphere in any environment.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

LPGs are useful in our day to day lives, but we open ourselves to possible hazards caused by gas leakages. Whenever excess cooking gas is in the atmosphere any little combustion would lead to a large fire explosion and many have suffered from this accidental occurrence.

Gas detection devices will detect these gases in the atmosphere and precautions can therefore be taken before any unwanted occurrence.

• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1.2.1  Aim: To design and implement a gas detection system.

1.2.2  Objectives

1. To make a design of the proposed machine.
2. To carry out the fabrication of machine.

• To carry out performance and cost evaluation of the fabricated device.

1.3     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this project is to design, fabricate and implementa gas detection device.

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Gas detectors are an essential application for home and commercial safety; they are also employed in numerous industrial industries. They are used in welding shops to detect combustibles and toxics and in nuclear plants, to detect combustibles. They are also commonly used to detect hazardous vapours in wastewater treatment plants and are very efficient in confined spaces where there is no continuous employee occupancy. Such spaces include tanks, pits, vessels and storage bins. They may also be placed at a site to detect toxins prior to occupant entry where it commonly used for gas leak detection system, fire/safety detection system and gas leak alarm. It can be found in a variety of locations such as on oil rigs to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such as photovoltaic. They may also be used in fire fighting. Typical installation areas being gas yards (Bullets), gas banks with multi cylinders in manifold, user production departments/utility areas like kitchens.  Other areas of application and the common gases it can detect are listed in the table below:

1.5     JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

If this project is well carried out successfully, it will help in minimizing bad issues that arises from gas leakages or explosion, as quick fire prevention aids can be carried out immediately gases are detected

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                                             SUMMARY

In summary, there are several options for a building’s gas and alarm system. The ultimate system type, and selected components, will be dependent upon the building construction and value, its use or uses, the type of occupants, mandated standards, content value, and mission sensitivity. Contacting a fire engineer or other appropriate professional who understands gas problems and the different alarm and detection options is usually a preferred first step to find the best system.

The implementation of a gas leakage detector corresponds to increased cases of death caused by gas leakage in our environment. These  devastating events could be avoided if CO detection systems were installed. Therefore, the main idea of this research is to create a simple and easy system that has high sensitivity and can sense the presence of CO gas in a vehicle’s cabin. From the construction, the system has then been interfaced to the microcontroller on-board system. The microcontroller has been programmed to send a signal to the logic detector circuit then to the alarm system. The development of software was then tested to ensure it worked properly with the hardware. The communication test between hardware and software was successful. The hardware responded correctly to the command sent to it. This result shows that, the system has been implemented and tested successfully. This system has been designed to produce greater flexibility, ease of implementation and lower cost because the Arduino microcontroller which is a Flash based microcontroller can be programmed and erased several times.

5.2      CONCLUSION

At the end of this work gas detector was successfully built and tested. The device was able to detects the presence of gases when the sensor was exposed to a gas leaked environment. The device sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. This device identifies potentially hazardous gas leaks by sensor.

5.3                                                        RECOMMENDATION

This project is designed to be used in our homes, offices, industries or wherever gas and other flammable liquids are been used. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.

Working on this topic as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.