Design And Construction Of A Solar Powered Automatic Water Level Indicator

ABSTRACT

In an attempt to mitigate problems such as irregular power supply, poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management, solar powered automatic Water level indicator system is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank or any liquid storage system. Generally, this device monitors the water level in the overhead tank and prevents wastage and shortage of water.

Water level indicator is widely used in many industries and houses .In this work an arduino and ultrasonic sensor is the basic component for the water level indicator. Ultrasonic sensor indicates the level of water or any other conducting liquid. With the help of an LCD display we can see all the level of the water contained in a tank or in any other vessels. A water level sensor detects the present level of the water in the tank in terms of the voltage across feeds it to the Arduino, and the Arduino generates a corresponding output text which in then displayed in the LCD. If the water level is full, then the circuit beeps through the buzzer notifying that the water level is full.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3      AIM OF THE PROJECT

1.4      PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

1.5      OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.6     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.7      ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1.8      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

1.9      PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

1.10   PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SENSOR

2.2      DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO

2.3      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ARDUINO

2.4     OVERVIEW OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR

2.5     ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSOR WORKINGS

   CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTIONS METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3      COMPONENTS LIST
3.4      INSTRUMENT AND TOOLS
3.5      SYSTEM OPERATION
3.6      PROGRAM CODE
3.7      POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.8      ULTRASONIC SENSOR WORKING

3.9      PRECAUTION ON THE USE OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR

3.10 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT

CHAPTER FIVE

4.0      RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN

4.2      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.3      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.4      ASSEMBLING OF SECTION

4.5      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.6      PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

4.7      COST ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION

5.2      RECOMMENDATION

5.3      BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Measurement of the height of water in a tank or a big structure such as dam is a major subject of study in engineering. It is not easy to measure the water level in large architectural structures physically. Hence we always have the necessity of a electronic equipment that can measure the water level in a container and show a message informing about the water level in it. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are potential constraint for home or office water management system. Last few decades several monitoring system integrated with water level detection have become accepted. Measuring water level is an essential task for government and residence perspective. In this way, it would be possible to track the actual implementation of such initiatives with integration of various additional controlling activities. Therefore, water level indicating system implementation makes potential significance in home applications. Such an indicator is used in tanks to indicate the level of liquids and alert us when the tank is full. So by this circuit we can monitor the various levels of the tank and can avoid spillage of water and also we can configure our supplies according to the various levels of tank. Such module or circuit can be installed in big buildings where manual monitor of tanks is difficult and its indicator can be placed at some centralized place. This device is build on a microcontroller – ARDUINO, readings are displayed using a 16×2 LCD and water level limit is notified by a noise of the buzzer.

Power plays a great role wherever man lives and works. The living standard and prosperity of a nation vary directly with the increase in the use of power. The electricity requirement of the world is increasing at an alarming rate due to industrial growth, increased and extensive use of electrical gadgets. According to world energy report, we get around 80% of our energy from conventional fossil fuels like oil (36%), natural gas (21%) and coal (23%). It is well known that the time is not so far when all these sources will be completely exhausted. So, alternative sources should be used to avoid energy crisis in the nearby future. The best alternative source is solar energy.

The intelligent device which is capable of performing the task is an arduino Microcontroller based. Water level sensor, is interfaced to arduino Microcontroller. The energy from solar panel is given to the device. Also, the solar energy is stored to a battery to which water level is monitored is connected through a switch. The Microcontroller continuously monitors the water level and takes the decision to alert the user depending on the water level.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

This device came to mitigate problems such as irregular power supply, poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management, solar powered Automatic Water level indicator is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank or any liquid storage system. This device helps the user to be aware of the water level in the tank through an ultrasonic sensor. It provides continuous water level measurement. It is very useful because the user need not worry about the water content during the peak hours of the day. It not only helps in the daily chores but also prevents water wastage. It reduces human labour, saves time and also keeps the user updated regarding the water content.

1.3                                                   AIM OF THE PROJECT

To construct an electronic device that that uses solar energy to automatically detect water level and display the level via LCD using arduino ultrasonic sensor. The intelligent device which is capable of performing the task is an arduino Microcontroller based. Water level sensor, is interfaced to arduino Microcontroller. The energy from solar panel is given to the device. Also, the solar energy is stored to a battery to which water level is monitored is connected through a switch.

1.4                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main of the project is to display the level of water in the underground or overhead tank.

1.5                                         OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• To institutionalize social regulations level that govern the allocation, use and management of water for the different purposes.
• To achieve equitable and sustainable access to groundwater to all farmers through sharing of resources and socially regulated demand management of the resource.
• To achieve equitable and secure access to water for drinking, sanitation and domestic needs at affordable costs for all households or company within the project area and project period.
• To control the supply of water.
• To make use of solar energy.
• To make Provision for monitoring the level of water during nights.

1.6                                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The water level alarm circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in the overhead tank and also in the other containers. Nowadays, all the householders/owners are storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is a wastage of energy and water.

• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. Suitability: These water level controllers are ideally suited for normal water as well as for ultra low conductivity water with less than 1 micro/moh.
2. Easy to Operate: this system come fitted with sensitivity setting which can be provided externally on a dial or with internal settings.

• Settings : It is equipped with technology which works on low or high sensitivity settings on the same machine and thereby saves costs of buying and using two different machines.

1. Materials of Construction: this water indicator system is protected the against corrosion.
2. Safety: This system is highly insulated, leakage proof and works without creating any noise.
3. Save roofs

• Save water
• Save electricity

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used in the following:

1. overhead water tanks,
2. swimming pool boilers,

• factories,

1. chemical plants,
2. electrical substations and also in other liquid storage systems.

1.8                                              PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

The only problem discovered in this work on the probes. Sensor probes will likely rust at a fast rate, while high mineral content in the water will likely plate to the probes enforcing failure or Causing inaccurate readings and the cost of buying solar panel is high.

1.9                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, application, objective, problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.