Design And Construction Of A Wireless Electronics Door Bell With Indicating Light

ABSTRACT

The project is on a wireless electronics door bell with indicating lighting system used in places like home, shopping malls, hotels and theaters.

This project proposes a system of automatic sensing any body movement object near the door. This is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor which emits infrared energy when an is sensed from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to tone generator which produces a melodious tone to the user informing him/her the presence of a visitor.

When a body approaches within the operating range of the sensor, it sends a logical command through an alarm indicating that someone is approaching the door. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating range.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   INTRODUCTION

1.2  BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.3   OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.4   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1.5   PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

1.6   ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1.7   PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1.8   PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   REVIEW OF PIR SENSORS AND ITS APPLICATION

2.2    TYPES OF MOTION SENSORS

2.3   OTHER MOTION SENSOR FEATURES

2.4   REVIEW OF HOUSE BELL

2.5    HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DOORBELL

2.6    REVIEW OF TYPES HOUSE BELL

CHAPTER THREE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCKS

3.3      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.5    DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1   CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS

4.2   CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3    ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4    TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5    INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                          INTRODUCTION

A house bell is a signaling device typically placed near an entry door to a building. This device is a PIR sensor based door bell that rings a bell when a visitor approaches the sensor, alerting the occupant to the presence of the visitor. Modern house bells are electric — they are actuated by an electric switch. An electrical bell can be defined as device which can be use to alert signal for indicating of problem in alarm signals. The device is classified according to were types, mode of operation and the application there are numerous types of alarming signals but for the purpose of this project an electric bell with sensor and light indicator is considered. The sensor used in this work is ultrasonic motion sensor. This ultrasonic sensor is described as below.

1.2                          BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

PIR sensor is the one of the major components used in this work that makes the work wireless. The first motion detector was invented in the early 1950s by Samuel Bango, and which was a burglar alarm. He applied the fundamentals of radar to ultrasonic waves – a frequency to detect fire or thief and that which human beings cannot hear. Samuel motion detector is based on the principle of Doppler Effect. Nowadays, most of the motion detectors work on the principle of Samuel Bango’s detector. IR sensors and microwave sensors can detect motion by the alterations in the frequencies they emit.
PIR sensors are used as security systems in banks, offices and shopping malls, and also as intruder alarm in home. The prevailing PIR sensor can stop serious accidents by sensing the persons who are in close proximity to the detector. We can observe motion detectors in shopping malls or stores with automatic doors. The main element in the PIR sensor circuit is the dual infrared reflective sensor or any other detecting sensor. An electronic motion detector contains an optical, microwave, or acoustic sensor, and in many cases a transmitter for illumination. However, a passive sensor only senses a signal emitted by the moving object itself. Changes in the optical, microwave, or acoustic field in the device’s proximity are interpreted by the electronics based on one of the technologies listed below. Most inexpensive motion detectors can detect up to distances of at least 15 feet (5 meters). Specialized systems are more expensive but have much longer ranges. Tomographic motion detection systems can cover much larger areas because the radio waves are at frequencies which penetrate most walls and obstructions, and are detected in multiple locations, not just at the location of the transmitter.

PIR sensors have found wide use in domestic and commercial applications. One common application is activation of automatic door openers in businesses and public buildings. PIR sensors are also widely used in lieu of a true occupancy sensor in activating street lights or indoor lights in walkways (such as lobbies and staircases). In such “Smart Lighting” systems, energy is conserved by only powering the lights for the duration of a timer, after which the person has presumably left the area. A PIR sensor may be among the sensors of a burglar alarm that is used to alert the home owner or security service when it detects the motion of a possible intruder or visitor. Such a detector may also trigger a security camera in order to record the possible intrusion.

1.3                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is construct an electronic Door Bell with Sensor and indicating light that alert the occupant of the house or property whenever someone approaches the door or gate of the user.

1.4                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The PIR sensor used is the top dog of your security system, because it is the main device that detects when someone is in your door. A PIR sensor uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area. If a sensor is tripped, a signal is sent to the system’s control panel, which connects to your monitoring center, alerting you that someone is approaching your door.

1.5                               PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of the PIR sensor is to sense human and send an alert to your control panel, which alerts the user via bell signal indicating light (LED).

1.6                                 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. Alert you in the event that your teen breaks curfew.
2. Trigger a doorbell when someone approaches the front door.

iii. Alert you when kids enter restricted areas in the home, like the basement, workout room, or medicine cabinet.

1. Save energy by using motion sensor lighting in unoccupied spaces.

v.Notify you if pets enter areas where they’re not supposed to be seen

1.7           PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The problem of this work focuses on the problem of the sensors have some problem:
it has a limited distance to detect the motion. if a motion sensor for the door bell is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the bell. Animals may trigger the motion detector that you don’t want to. An outside detector mounted too close to a light that stays on at night, will be triggered continuously by bugs. The set shutoff time of the motion sensor may be too short (maybe only 30 seconds). For outside lights with a motion detector, if you want more “on time”, it’s best to buy a model with an adjustable shutoff time.
The reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.

1.7                                 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of a of the work study and the sensor used. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviceed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.